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MICRO Exam4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemotherapy | The use of chemicals to treat a disease |
| Bacteriostatic | Stops bacterial cell growth |
| Endemic disease | Disease constantly present in a population |
| Antibiotic | Chemical produced by a microbe that kills or inhibits the growth of another microbe |
| Emerging infectious disease | disease that is new, increasing in incidence, or shows a potential to increase in the near future |
| Pathogenicity | Ability to cause disease |
| Nosocomial | Hospital associated infection |
| Virulence | The degree of pathogenicity |
| Epidemic disease | Disease acquired by many people in an specific area in a short amount of time |
| Pathology | study of disease |
| Etiology | cause of disease |
| Epidemiology | study of where and when of disease and how transmitted |
| Fomite | Nonliving object the can serve as a vector to transmit disease |
| Pandemic disease | worldwide epidemic |
| Siderophores | Proteins secreted by pathogens that bind iron |
| Antimicrobial Drug | Chemical that kills or inhibits the growth of microbes |
| Bactericidal | Kills bacteria directly |
| Vancomycin | Inhibition of cell wall synthesis |
| Quinolones | Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis |
| Streptomycin | Inhibition of protein synthesis |
| Cephalosporin | Inhibition of cell wall synthesis |
| Chloramphenicol | Inhibition of protein synthesis |
| Polymixin B | Interference with cell membrane integrity |
| Trimethoprim | Inhibition of metabolic pathways |
| Bacitracin | Inhibition of cell wall synthesis |
| Erythromycin | Inhibition of protein synthesis |
| Tetracycline | Inhibition of protein synthesis |
| Sulfanilamide | Inhibition of metabolic pathways |
| Rifampin | Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis |
| Penicillin | inhibition of cell way synthesis |
| Normal microbiota can benefit the host by preventing the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms. This is called microbial | antagonism |
| Which of the following is NOT TRUE about normal microbiota? | None (all of these are true for microbiota) |
| The major significance of Robert Koch's work is that he demonstrated | a specific microorganism is the cause of a specific disease |
| Which of the following diseases caused by microbes would be considered a noncommunicable disease? | tetanus |
| Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota | are present for a relatively short time |
| Which of the following is a fomite? | a rusty nail |
| Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a | nosocomial infection |
| The ability of some microbes, such as the flu virus, Trypanosoma or Neisseria to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called | antigenic variation |
| The LD50 is | the does that will kill 50 percent of the test population |
| All of the following contribute to a pathogen's ability to penetrate host defenses EXCEPT | exotoxins |
| All of the following are used by bacteria to attach to host cells EXCEPT | superantigens |
| The outer portion of gram-negative cell walls contain | endotoxins |
| Ergot is a mycotoxin produced by a | fungus |
| Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT | ease of travel |
| S. aureus is a gram positive bacteria. Therefore you would expect it to | produce exotoxin |
| Diseases NOT transmitted from one host to another are | noncommunicable |
| What term is used to describe a disease that develops slowly and is likely to continue or recur for long periods? | chronic |
| The presence of microbes (usually bacteria) multiplying in the blood is called | septicemia |
| A toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection is called | sepsis |
| The birth of modern chemotherapy is credited to the efforts of ________ who synthesized the first antimicrobial agent, Salvarsan, that was an effective remedy for syphilis | Paul Ehrlich |
| In 1928, who observed that the growth of bacteria was inhibited on a Petri plate contaminated by a mold leading to the discovery of penicillin? | Alexander Fleming |
| What antibiotic, discovered by Selman Wakesman, followed the use of penicillin and was initially used to treat tuberculosis in the mid 1940s? | streptomycin |
| What antimicrobial "sulfa" drug, effective against Streptococcal infections, preceded the use of penicillin in the mid 1930s? | Prontosil (red dye) |
| Who conducted the first clinical trails for penicillin in 1940 leading to its mass production in time to save countless lives during World War II? | Howard Florey and Ernest Chain |
| Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance? | using antibiotics in animal feed |
| A drug that inhibits mitosis, such as griseofulvin, would be effective against | fungi |
| Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against | bacteria |
| Which of the following statements about drug resistance is FALSE? | it is found only in gram-negative bacteria |
| Which of the following organisms would MOST likely be sensitive to natural penicillin? | gram-positive bacteria |
| One disadvantage of using broad spectrum antibiotics is that they | destroy normal microbiota and may lead to superinfections |
| Niclosamide prevents ATP generation in mitochondria. You would expect this drug to be effective against | tapeworms |
| The drug AZT inhibits the enzyme reverse-transcriptase therefore is would be effective against | cancer cells |
| Fungal diseases are difficult to treat because | their cells |
| Which of the following would NOT be a potential "mode of action" for an antiviral drug? | inhibition of cell wall synthesis |
| The enzyme produced by some bacteria that make them resistant to natural penicillin is | penicillinase |
| Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is primarily transferred | through horizontal gene transfer via plasmids |
| Effective anti fungal drugs have been developed that specifically "target" the fungal | cell membrane and cell wall |
| What test is used to determine microbe susceptibility to antibiotics/antimicrobials? | All of these |
| The malaria parasite (plasmodium falciparum) reproduces inside the Anopheles mosquitos prior to transmission to a human host. This type of vector transmission would be considered | biological transmission |
| What are the two common sources of antibiotics? Fungi and bacteria |
Created by:
ylopez2
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