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Unit 7

AP Biology Unit 7 Vocabulary-Magdaleno

QuestionAnswer
Evolutionary fitness how well a species is able to survive and reproduce in its environment
Natural Selection the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Selective Pressure any reason for organisms with certain phenotypes to have either a survival benefit or disadvantage
Adaptive Radiation the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.
Biological Species Concept defines a species taxon as a group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Divergent Evolution the accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, leading to speciation
Gradualism the hypothesis that evolution proceeds chiefly by the accumulation of gradual changes (
Punctuated Equilibrium the hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change
Reproductive Isolation The biological properties of organisms that prevent interbreeding are called reproductive isolating mechanisms
Speciation the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Ecosystem a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species.
NIche a comfortable or suitable position in life or employment.
Species diversity he number of species and abundance of each species that live in a particular location.
RNA World Hypothesis suggests that life on Earth began with a simple RNA molecule that could copy itself.
Convergent Evolution process whereby organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
Bottleneck Effect when a species goes through an event that suddenly and significantly reduces its population.
Founder Effect the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors.
Genetic drift variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.
Mutation the action or process of mutating.
Population all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors
Migration seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
Null Hypothesis the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error.
Fossil the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.
isotope each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element
Morphology the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.
Vestigial Structure have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor are called vestigial structures.
Cladogram a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species.
Lineage lineal descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
Molecular Clock the average rate at which a species' genome accumulates mutations, used to measure their evolutionary divergence and in other calculations.
Out Group a group of organisms not belonging to the group whose evolutionary relationships are being investigated.
Phylogenetic Tree branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species
Phylogeny the branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis.
Created by: KassidyM
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