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Unit 7

AP Biology Unit 7 Vocabulary-Lara

TermDefinition
Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection
Evolutionary Fitness how well a species is able to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Natural Selection process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Selective Pressure are external agents which affect an organism's ability to survive in a given environment
Adaptive radiation the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.
Biological Species Concept a group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Divergent Evolution accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, leading to speciation.
Gradualism a policy of gradual reform rather than sudden change or revolution.
Punctuated Equilibrium hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change.
Reproductive isolation individuals that are able to interbreed belong to the same species.
Speciation the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Ecosystems a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
Extinction the fact or process of a species, family, or other group of animals or plants becoming extinct.
Niche a comfortable or suitable position in life or employment.
Species Diversity the number of species and abundance of each species that live in a particular location
RNA world hypothesis life on Earth began with a simple RNA molecule that could copy itself without help from other molecules. DNA, RNA, and proteins are central to life on Earth.
Convergent Evolution the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time
Bottleneck Effect when a species goes through an event that suddenly and significantly reduces its population
Founder Effect the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors.
Genetic Drift change in allele frequencies in a population from generation to generation that occurs due to chance events.
Mutation an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
Population all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors
Migration seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
Null hypothesis a default hypothesis that a quantity to be measured is zero.
Fossil the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.
Isopote species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behaviour but with different atomic masses and physical properties.
Morphology the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.
Vestigial Structure various cells, tissues, and organs in a body which no longer function in the same way the ancestral form of the trait functioned.
Cladogram a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species.
Lineage lineal descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
Molecular Clock the average rate at which a species' genome accumulates mutations, used to measure their evolutionary divergence and in other calculations.
Out Group a group of organisms not belonging to the group whose evolutionary relationships are being investigated.
Phylogenetic Tree a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species
Phylogeny the branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis.
Created by: Jamileth03
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