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Radiology definition
Radiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Frequency | The number of waveforms that strike an object during a given time period |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | Comprised of three components: Energy (eV) Frequency (Hz) and Wavelength. |
| Bucky tray | used to hold xray film cassette under tabletop |
| Cathode | Negatively charged electrode within the x-ray tube head that is made of a filament and a focusing cup |
| Energy | electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, nuclear, and electromagnetic |
| Heel effect | Difference in intensity of the x-ray beam between the cathode and the anode side of the machine |
| Anode | positively charges electrodes in the x-ray tube head |
| Rotating Anode | positively charged anode that rotates while attracting negative electrons released from the cathode |
| Stationary anode | positively charged anode that does not rotate while attracting negative electrons released from cathode |
| ALARA | as low as reasonably achievable |
| Ammonium thiosulfate | x-ray fixative |
| Anechoic | areas that do not generate echo on ultrasound |
| angiography | positive-contrast study to evaluate vascular system |
| annular array | transducers with crystals aligned in rings |
| arthrography | contrast study used to evaluate joints |
| attenuate | loss of amplitude of ultrasound waves as they travel through tissues |
| barium sulfate | positive contrast medium; used to evaluate GI tract |
| bisecting angle | dental technique where beam is positioned perpendicular to a line that bisects the angle formed from the long axis of the tooth and the film |
| b-mode | ultrasound display mode that displays returning echoes as bright dots with varying degrees of brightness in relation to the returning signal |
| caudal | towards the tail |
| caudocrainal | caudal to cranial |
| cholecystography | positive contrast study for gallbladder and bile duct studies |
| collimating device | structure located below the tube window that has set lead shutter to limit the size of the beam |
| computed radiology | digital system that requires a cassette w/ an intensifying screen composed of photostimulable phosphors |
| contrast | density difference between two areas or structures; shades of gray on the finished xray |
| contrast medium | substance that can be places into body by injection or ingestion to create hight image contrast |
| crainl | towards the head |
| craniocaudal | cranial to caudal |
| cystography | contrast study for urinary bladder |
| density | degree of blackness of image |
| detail | degree of sharpness of image |
| detective quantum efficiency | sensitivity and accuracy of digital radiology system |
| developer | converts sensitized silver halide crystals into black metallic silver |
| digital radiography | system that incorporates an image receptor with the xray table |
| dorsopalmer | dorsal to palmer surface |
| dorsoplantar | dorsal to plantar surface |
| dorsoventral | dorsal to ventral surface |
| dose creep | increases in exposure factors made in an attempt to reduce the amount of image noise |
| dosimeter | monitoring device |
| double contrast | contrast technique that uses a positive and negative agent |
| elongation | a dental image error where the xray beam is perpendicular to the tooth; causes tooth to appear longer |
| emulsion | xray film layer containing silver bromide and silver iodide crystals |
| esophagography | contrast study of esophagus |
| film base | polyester support layer for film |
| film speed | degree to which xray film is sensitive to ionizing radiation |
| fixer | removes unchanged silver halide from emulsion layer; stops developing process |
| fluoroscopy | continuous xrays to produce real-time images |
| focal-film distance | distance from tube head to image receptor |
| focused grid | lead strips that are placed in increasing angles to match that of the divergence of the xray beam |
| foreshortening | dental image error; beam is perpendicular to film causing tooth to appear shorter |
| gain control | modifies the strength of returning ultrasound echo |
| gastrography | contrast study of stomach |
| grayscale bit depth | refers to number of shades of gray in digital image |
| grid | device placed between table top and image receptor that consists of lead strips that absorb scatter |
| grid cutoff | decreased number of photons that reach the image receptor due to misalignment of the grid |
| grid ratio | ratio of the height of the lead strips to the distance between them |
| hydroquinone | component of developer that increases image contrast and produces blackness |
| hyperechoic | high intensity echo; appears bright on ultrasound |
| hypoechoic | low echo return; appear as dark gray images on ultrasound |
| intensifying screens | structure inside xray cassette made from tiny crystals that fluoresce once exposed to xray |
| inverse-square law | guidelines that the intensity of the xray beam at a given loaction if inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the xray source |
| isoechoic | areas that with returning echoes are the same of surrounding ultrasound images |
| kilovoltage | energy from electrons when they reach the anode (kVp): peak kilovoltage: |
| latent image | image formed on xray filmed but not yet visible that results from exposure of the silver halide crystals to radiation |
| Lower GI study | contrast study for rectum, colon, cecum |
| millamperage | used to control the quantity of the electrons that will be produced and released from the filament during xray |
| m-mode | motion mode; ultrasound display mode (mainly for echocardiography) |
| myleography | contrast study of subarachnoid space around spinal cord |
| negative contrast study | radiolucent gases that appear black on image |
| nephrogram | stage of excretory urogram where opacification of the renal parenchyma shows vascular supply and kidney perfusion |
| non screened film | type of film that has greater sensitivity to direct radiation; no intensifying screen |
| palmardorosal | from palmer surface of forelimb to dorsal surface of body |
| parallel grid | comprised of lead strips that are set perpendicular to the surface |
| parallel technique | placement of film parallel to the long axis of the tooth. which central beam positioned perpendicular to the film |
| phenidone | component of xray developer that produces gray densities |
| photostimulable storage phosphor imagining plate | intensifying screen used with computed radiology systems |
| pixel | picture element: smallest component of digital image matrix |
| plantardorsal | from plantar surface of hindlimb to dorsal surface of body |
| positive contrast agent | agent containing elements of high atomic numbers that are more radiopaque to xray than soft tussue or bone |
| radiolucent | substance that allows xray to penetrate with limited absorption and will appear black on image |
| radiopaque | substance that does not allow xrays to penetrate and absorbs more xrays than tissue or bone and will appear white on image |
| retrograde | infusion of an agent in reverse to how the discharge normally flows |
| sante's rule | method used to estimate kVp using the calculation 40 plus twice the measurement in cm | |
| screen speed | the speed at which the crystals convert xray into visible light to be used by the film |
| screened film | type of film that requires the use of intensifying screens and has great sensitivity to light |
| silver halide | crystals that respond to electromagnetic radiation and produce a latent image with screened film |
| time | the duration in seconds that the anode has a positive charge and is receiving electrons |
| transducer | ultrasound probe that generates the sound waves and also serves to receive the returning echoes |
| triiodinated compounds | a positive contrast agent of iodinated media that contains three atoms of iodine per molecule |
| upper GI study | contrast study of small intestine |
| urethrography | contrast study of urethra |
| viscosity | state of substance that is thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency |
| voxel | location of a pixel within the image matrix that corresponds to an area within a 3-dimensional volume of tissue |
| wavelength | distance between successive crest or troughs of a wave; comprised of frequency and amplitude |
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laurap19
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