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HM2 Child cancers
HM2 lilk8tob Childhood cancers
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| Most common leukemia in children, especially boys | ALL |
| ALL stands for | Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia |
| AML stands for | Acute Mylocytic leukemia |
| In this acute leukemia, subtypes determine the prognosis and the treatment | ALL |
| This acute leukemia has a good prognosis for kids, poor for adults | ALL |
| In this leukemia, try chemo up to the 3rd relapse, then do BMT | ALL |
| ALL: best dx if leukocytes are:, age:, gender: , chromosomes: | leukocytes <50,000; 3-9 years old; female; >50 chromosomes |
| In ALL, pre-B cell subtype and FABL are: | the best dx |
| In this acute leukemia, subtypes don't direct treatment | AML |
| This acute leukemia is most common in adults | AML |
| This acute leukemia has a poor prognosis for everyone | AML |
| For this acute leukemia, do BMT on 1st remission | AML |
| CLL stands for | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
| CML stands for | Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia |
| This chronic leuk is very rare in kids, and is most common in men age 50+ | CLL |
| This chronic leuk is caused by a neoplasm of activated B lymphocyte cells that accumulate in bone marrow lymph nodes and spleen | CLL |
| CLL Signs and symptoms | fatigue, GU symptoms, abd. pain, anemia |
| This chronic leuk has no treatment | CLL |
| the progression of this chronic leuk is 9-15 years | CLL |
| This leuk has the Philadelphia chromosome | CML |
| In this chronic leuk, there is an excessive development of neoplastic granulocytes in bone marrow | CML |
| The chronic phase of this leuk lasts 2-4 years, then it can go into a blastic phase that resembles AML | CML |
| This chronic leuk uses drugs to avoid acute phase | CML |
| The only curative treatment for CML: | BMT |
| A chronic, progressive disorder c/b painless enlargement of lymph nodes w/ predictable progression to spleen, liver & bone marrow | Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| This has the proliferation of Reed-Sternberg cells (they replace other cell elements) | Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| In children w/ this, the "sentinel" node in the supraclavicular area is seen first | Hodgkins |
| W/ Hodgkins, pain in the lymph node is experienced with ingesting: | alcohol |
| Does Hodgkin's have a good long-term survival rate? | Yes, with aggressive chemo and radiation |
| This is a malignancy of B&T lymphocytes | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) |
| This disease has a possible viral etiology | Non-Hodgkins lymphoma |
| Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is seen more often in: | immunocompromised pts |
| Age for Non-Hodgkins | less than 14, over 40 |
| Which Hodgkin's is harder to diagnose? | Non-Hodgkins is |
| The less predictable of the hodgkis | Non |
| Signs and symptoms of non-hodgkin's | enlarged lymph nodes, night sweats, stomach cramps, constipation |
| This condition (increased uric acid levels) may occur with Non-Hodgkins | Tumor lysis syndrome |
| Is an adult w/ low grade (slow progression) non-hodgkins more or less responsive to treatment? | Less responsive |
| Location of brain tumors in children | Below the Tentorium Cerebri |
| Location of brain tumors in adults | Above the Tentorium cerebri |
| Big sign of brain tumor in adults: | Headache because the skull can't swell |
| Big sign of brain tumor in children (and the reason) | Enlarged head because fontanel and sutures allow the head to swell |
| Is "benign" a good thing for kid's brain tumors | No- it really just depends on the location- if can't be reached, will kill surrounding tissue & cause problems |
| In kids, S&S of brain tumor: | Morning vomiting, poor coordinatino, visual changes, increased ICP |
| Infant brain tumor S&S | Irritability, poor feeds, increased head size, loss of developmental milestones |
| Adult brain tumor S&S | HA when waking, N/V, visual changes, personality changes, seizures are common, papilledema of the optic nerve |
| Treatment of brain tumors: | GAMMA knife - pinpoint radiatiion, chemo, brachytherapy |
| Radiation used for brain tumors after age: | three |
| Treatment where you put the med or radioactive seed directly into brain: | Brachytherapy |
| Things to warn family about before brain surgery: | head shaved, large dressing, HOB 30 degrees |
| After brain surgery for tumor, watch for these two things: | SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH) and Diabetes |
| Position to avoid after brain surgery: | Trendelenburg |
| This is one of the worst tumors (in children only) because it is the hardest to find and treat | Neuroblastoma |
| A neuroblastoma originates from: | embryonic adrenal/sympathetic chain cells |
| What is the "silent tumor" | Neuroblastoma because it is well metastasized before S&S |
| This tumor in children can randomly disappear on it's own somehow | Neuroblastoma |
| Neuroblastoma is more common in (race & gender) | White boys |
| This tumor is a firm non tender mass that WILL CROSS THE MIDLINE | neuroblastoma tumor |
| If neuroblastoma found after 1 year, survival rate: | 50% |
| This is the most common renal cancer | Wilms tumor |
| This tumor has a peak incidence of 3 yrs old, and does have genetic inheritence | Wilms tumor |
| This tumor does NOT CROSS THE MIDLINE | Wilm's tumor |
| S&S of Wilm's tumor | hematuria, anemia (from bleeding), HTN (from increased secretion of renin) |
| Wilm's tumor commonly metastasizes to the: | lungs |
| If have Wilm's tumor, will remove: | kidney and adrenal gland |
| Key nursing fact for pt with Wilm's tumor: | Do not palpate the abdomen- can rupture the tumor! |
| Pt has Wilm's tumor- must monitor | BP - have increased secretion of renin |
| This is a striated muscle tumor | Rhabdomyosarcoma |
| Rhabdomyosarcomas in young children are most often found: | in the head, neck and eye orbit |
| Rhabdomyosarcomas in older children are most often found: | in the trunk and extremities |
| Treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma | chemo to reduce bulk, then surgery, radiation |
| If relapse within two years with rhabdomyosarcoma | prognosis is very poor |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma survival rate | 65% |
| Name the two bone tumors: | Osteogenic sarcoma and ewing's sarcoma |
| This is the most common bone cancer | Osteogenic sarcoma |
| When do osteogenic sarcomas peak (age)? | Teen years- rapid bone growth |
| Treatment for Osteogenic sarcoma | amputation of leg, attempt arm-sparing procedure |
| This tumor arises from bone forming mesenchyme malignant osteoid | osteogenic sarcoma |
| S&S of osteogenic sarcoma | limp, palpable mass, fractures |
| Osteogenic sarcoma usually located at | distal femur and knee |
| Osteogenic sarcoma frequently metastizes to: | lungs |
| This tumor arises in marrow spaces of bone and mimics infection | Ewing's sarcoma |
| Peak age for ewing's sarcoma | 10-20 years old |
| Metastasis for Ewing's: | metastasis uncommon at diagnosis, but can occur to marrow and lungs |
| S&S of Ewing's | pain and swelling around site, fever, limp/decreased ROM |
| Treatment of Ewing's | Chemo to shrink tumor, surgery to resect primary tumor or radiation |
| This is a congenital malignant tumor that arises from the retina | Retinoblastoma |
| A retinoblastoma results from | A series of genetic mutations |
| Reflex seen in pts with retinoblastoma | "Cat's eye" reflex- leukoria |
| S&S of retinoblastoma | cat's eye, strabismus, pain, blindness |
| Metastasis common in retinoblastoma | bone metastasis- so assess bone marrow |
| Treatment for retinoblastoma | enucleation (eye removal) if optic nerve is involved, chemo only with metastatic disease |
| Type of counseling needed with retinoblastoma | genetic counseling- is inherited (esp. the bilateral kind) |
Created by:
lilk8tob
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