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MICRO Exam2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Binary Fission | prokaryotic asexual reproduction |
| Chromosome | cell structure containing DNA |
| Constitutive genes | genes that is always "on" being transcribed continuously |
| Inducible genes | genes in the "off" position that can be turned on |
| gene | segment of DNA that codes for a functional product ( usually proteins) in a cell |
| codon | code in mRNA that represents a single amino acid |
| anticodon | code in tRNA |
| Plasmid | small circular DNA molecule that can replicate independently |
| frameshift mutation | caused by the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotide pairs in DNA |
| repressible genes | genes in the "on" position that can be turned off |
| genome | all the genetic information in a cell |
| point mutation | change in a single DNA base |
| Crossing over | process by which a portion of one chromosome is exchanged with another |
| biofilm | Microbial communities that form slime or hydrogels that adhere to surfaces |
| Transposon | small pieces of DNA that can move from one region of DNA to another, "jumping" genes |
| DNA ligase | makes covalent bonds to join DNA strands; joins Okazaki fragments |
| snRNP | removes introns and splices axons together |
| gyrase & topoisomerase | relaxes supercoiling ahead of the replication fork |
| RNA Polymerase | copies RNA from a DNA template |
| Primase | makes RNA primers; adds primers to DNA |
| Helicase | unwinds double stranded DNA |
| DNA Polymerase | Synthesizes DNA; proofreads and repairs DNA |
| Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization? | boiling |
| Which of the following is NOT a true statement about biofilms? | All of these are true of biofilms |
| Which of the following would be an example of bacteriostasis? | refrigeration |
| An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a person's skin prior to surgery would most accurately be called a(n) | antiseptic |
| Serratia marcescens grows between 25-45*C and is therefore considered a(n) | mesophile |
| A one-milliliter sample is diluted in a 1:10 dilution series. One milliliter of the fourth dilution tube (1:10,000) is plated in on nutrients agar. After incubation, the plate has 43 colonies, indication that the original sample contained | 430,000 cells milliliter |
| Pseudomonas aeroginosa is an obligate aerobe. You would expect it to have which of the following enzymes | Both A&B |
| A culture medium consisting of agar, peptone, and beef heart is a | complex medium |
| Which of the following is NOT a direct method to measure microbial growth? | turbidity |
| The removal or destruction of ALL forms of microbial life is called | sterilization |
| The preservation of beef jerky from microbial growth relies on which method of microbial control? | desiccation |
| DNA is constructed of | two strands of nucleotides running in an antiparallel configuration |
| Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by | all of these answers are correct |
| Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell | as free or "naked" DNA in solution |
| Which of the following nucleotide base is found only in RNA, not DNA? | uracil |
| If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy? | the primary structure of the protein |
| Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation | transfer DNA horizontally to cells in the same generation |
| Which enzyme catalyzed the reaction: 2H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) --> 2H2O+O2 | catalase |
| Transcription in E. coli, a bacteria, takes place | in the cytoplasm |
| Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes | use codons in mRNA to determine amino acid sequences |
| Prior to protein synthesis, DNA | serves as a template for the production of mRNA |
| Which of the following would be transcribed into a piece of mRNA? | a protein-coding gene |
| The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the lac operon is | catabolite repression |
| What carries the coded information for making specific proteins from DNA to ribosome? | mRNA |
| Which molecules recognize specific codons and transport amino acids? | tRNA |
| Which of the following genes would you likely find on a plasmid? | A&C only |
| The process in which bacterial DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell inside a bacteriophage is called | transduction |
| The process for gene transfer which requires cell-to-cell contact and a particular type of plasmid is called | conjugation |
| A set of operon in E. coli is an example of a(n) | inducible operon |
| In E. coli, high amounts of trytophan | repress the tyrp operon |
| Which process results in a new double-stranded DNA molecule that contains one original stand and one new strand? | translation |
Created by:
ylopez2
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