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Sc8-Earth Sci Rev 1
Sc8-Earth Sci Rev 1 definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is the asthenosphere? | a partly molten layer in Earth's mantle just below the lithosphere |
| What is a composite volcano? | a large cone shaped volcanic mountain |
| What is the continental drift theory? | the theory that the continents have moved to their present location after |
| What are converging plates? | tectonic plates that are colliding |
| What are diverging plates? | tectonic plates that are spreading apart |
| What is an earthquake? | a sudden, ground shaking release of pent-up energy at or below the earth's surface |
| Define epicentre. | the place on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of whenre an earthquake starts |
| Define fault. | a large break in rock layers |
| Define focus. | the location inside the Earth where an earthquake starts |
| What is a hot spot? | an area where molten rock rises to Earth's surface |
| What is the inner core of the earth? | the earth's solid centre |
| What is the lithosphere? | a layer of the earth made up of the crust and uppermost mantle ranging from 65-100km thick |
| What is the mantle? | the earth's thickest layer, just below the crust |
| What is mantle convection? | hotter, less dense molten rock which rises, cools and then falls again in earth's mantle, causing tectonic plates to move |
| What is the outer core of the earth? | the layer below earth's mantle |
| Define paleoglaciation. | ancient glaciers and the rock markings they left behind |
| What is a plate boundary? | the region where two tectonic plates are in contact |
| What is plate tectonic theory? | the idea that the lithosphere is broken into large plates that move |
| What are primary (P) waves? | the fastest and first to arrive seismic wave that moves underground at about 6 km/s causing earth movement parallel to the wave's movement |
| What are secondary (S) waves? | the slower seismic wave that travels underground at about 3.5 km/s and causes earth movement perpendicular to the wave's direction |
| What is a surface (L) wave? | a seismic wave that ripples along earth's surface |
| What is rift eruption? | volcanoes that occur where tectonic plates are spreading apart |
| What is a rift valley? | a narrow and steep valley formed between rift mountains above diverging plates |
| What is a shield volcano? | a volcano that forms above a hot spot |
| What is a subduction zone? | the area above where one tectonic plate is pushing below another; typically an area that experiences large volcanoes and earthquakes |
| What are tectonic plates? | large slabs of rack that move over a layer of molten rock |
| What is a transform fault? | a crack in the rock above a transform plate boundary |
| What is a trench? | a deep underwater valley formed where an oceanic plate is pushing under a continental plate |
| What is a volcanic belt? | a long chain of volcanoes |
| What is a volcanic island arc? | a long chain of volcanic islands |
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