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Sc8-Earth Sci Rev 1
Sc8-Earth Sci Rev 1 definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is the asthenosphere? | a partly molten layer in Earth's mantle just below the lithosphere |
| What is a composite volcano? | a large cone shaped volcanic mountain |
| What is the continental drift theory? | the theory that the continents have moved to their present location after |
| What is a convergent plate boundary? | tectonic plates that are colliding |
| What is a divergent plate boundary? | tectonic plates that are spreading apart |
| What is slab pull? | the pulling of a tectonic plate as its edge pull under deep into the mantle |
| Define epicentre. | the place on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of whenre an earthquake starts |
| Define fault. | a large break in rock layers |
| Define focus. | the location inside the Earth where an earthquake starts |
| What is a hot spot? | an area where molten rock rises to Earth's surface |
| What is the inner core of the earth? | the Earth's solid centre |
| What is the lithosphere? | a layer of the Earth made up of the crust and uppermost mantle ranging from 65-100km thick |
| What is the mantle? | the Earth's thickest layer, just below the crust |
| What is mantle convection? | hotter, less dense molten rock which rises, cools and then falls again in Earth's mantle, causing tectonic plates to move |
| What is the outer core of the earth? | the layer below Earth's mantle |
| What is a spreading ridge? | the regions where magma breaks through the Earth's surface, continually forcing apart old rock and forming new sea floor |
| What is sea floor spreading? | when magma rises to the Earth's surface at spreading ridges and pushes older rocks aside. |
| What is plate tectonic theory? | the idea that the lithosphere is broken into large plates that move |
| What are primary (P) waves? | the fastest and first to arrive seismic wave that moves underground at about 6 km/s causing Earth movement parallel to the wave's movement |
| What are secondary (S) waves? | the slower seismic wave that travels underground at about 3.5 km/s and causes Earth movement perpendicular to the wave's direction |
| What is a surface (L) wave? | a seismic wave that ripples along Earth's surface |
| What is rift eruption? | volcanoes that occur where tectonic plates are spreading apart |
| What is a rift valley? | a narrow and steep valley formed between rift mountains above diverging plates |
| What is a shield volcano? | a volcano that forms above a hot spot |
| What is a subduction zone? | the area above where one tectonic plate is pushing below another; typically an area that experiences large volcanoes and earthquakes |
| What are tectonic plates? | large slabs of rack that move over a layer of molten rock |
| What is ridge push? | when new material at a ridge or rift pushes older material aside, moving tectonic plates away from the ridge |
| What is subduction? | one tectonic plate pushing underneath another |
| What is a supercontinent? | all the continents joined together; Wegner named in Pangaea |
| What is a transform plate boundary | a location where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past one another. |
| What is Pangaea? | Wegner's name for a supercontinent. |
| What is the earth's crust? | Earth's outermost layer. |
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