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MICRO Exam1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Von Leeuwenhoek, Anton | Observed the first microbes using a microscope |
| Semmelweis, Ignaz | Advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal (child bed) fever |
| Pasteur, Louis | showed microbes are responsible to the fermentation of wine and disproved the theory of spontaneous generation |
| Lister, Joseph | utilized phenol (a chemical disinfectant) for surgical wounds |
| Koch, Robert | Developed experimental steps to determine if a specific microbe causes a disease; proved a bacteria cause anthrax in cattle |
| Jenner, Edward | performed the first vaccination for smallpox |
| Hooke, Robert | came up with the idea of cells; beginning of "cell theory" |
| Fleming, Alexander | Discovered penicillin |
| Ehrlich, Paul | developed the first synthetic drug; Salvarsan, to treat syphilis |
| Capsule | Neatly organized "slime layer" found in bacteria; contributes to virulence by helping evade phagocytosis |
| Cell Wall | Provides cell support and prevents osmotic lysis |
| Cytoplasm | The substance inside the plasma (cell) membrane |
| Endospore | Survival mechanism for some bacteria (Bacillus and Clostridium) |
| Fimbriae | Tiny, hair-like fibers used by bacteria for attachment |
| Flagella | This appendage used for cellular movement |
| Golgi Complex | Transport organelle in Eukaryotes that modifies proteins form the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
| Mitochondria | Site of ATP production in Eukaryotes |
| Nucleoid | Region containing the bacterial chromosome |
| Nucleus | Double membrane structure that contains DNA in Eukaryotes |
| Peptidoglycan | Comprises the cell wall of bacteria |
| Pili | Used for DNA transfer in some bacteria |
| Ribosome | Site of protein synthesis |
| A prokaryotic cell may possess each other following cellular components EXCEPT? | a nucleus |
| Which of the following statements about Archaea is False? | They have a peptidoglycan cell wall |
| Biogenesis refers to the | development of life forms from preexisting life forms |
| Staphylococcus aureus strain "A2S7" is the scientific name of a bacterium. What is the species name? | aureus |
| The _______ is a subatomic particle of an atom that has a negative electric charge. | electron |
| _________ structure in proteins occurs when the amino acid chain folds and coils in regular helix and/or pleated sheet motifs. | Secondary |
| Which of these is acidic? | pH 2 |
| Which of the following would NOT be considered an organic compound? | CO2 |
| Which of the following is true about unsaturated fat? | Comprised of fatty acid containing double bonds and is a liquid at room temperature |
| Identify the following reaction: Lactose + H2O ----> Glucose + Galactose? | hydrolysis reaction |
| Antacids neutralize acid by the following reaction. Identify the base in the following equation:Mg(OH)2+2HCl-----> MgCl2+H2O | Mg(OH)2 |
| What is the type of weak bond between the hydrogen of one molecule and the nitrogen of another molecule, where the two dont actively share an electron? | hydrogen bond |
| Which of the following is the type of bond holding Mg2+ and Cl- ions in MgCl2? | ionic bond |
| Which microscope achieves the highest magnification and greatest resolution? | electron microscope |
| What does a negative stain actually stain? | the background |
| The purpose of a mordant in the Gram stain is to | prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells. |
| You are preforming a Gram stain on gram-negative bacteria and you stop after the addition of the mordant (iodine). What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point? | purple |
| The chromophore of acidic dyes (nigrosin for example) is a(n) _______ and is _______ to MOST types bacteria. | anion; not attracted |
| In microscopy, the term resolution | refers to the ability to distinguish fine structure and detail in a specimen |
| A number of enzymes are inactive by themselves and must be activated by | cofactors and/or coenzymes |
| Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is FALSE | they act on a specific substrate. |
| A molecule that undergoes reduction | gains one or more electrons |
| Which of the following best describes peptidoglycan? | is a polymer of repeating disaccharides linked by polypeptides |
| Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell like E. coli? | the plasma (cell) membrane |
| Oxidative phosphorylation occurs | at the electron transport chain |
| The building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones in known as | anabolism |
| Metabolic pathways that function in BOTH anabolism and catabolism are called | amphibolic pathways |
| Which of the following is TRUE of fermentation? | The final electron acceptor is an organic compounds |
| Which of the following would NOT be used as final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration? | oxygen |
| Two common end products from fermentation in microbes are | lactic acid and ethanol |
| Where is the electron transport chain located in a eukaryotic cell like p. falciparum, a protozoan that causes malaria? | mitochondria |
| Which of the following yields the greatest number ATP from the catabolism of glucose? | aerobic respiration |
| a metabolic pathway is determined by the presence of specific | enzymes |
| In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is converted to | 2 molecules of pyruvic acid |
| A the electron transport chain, each molecule of NADH yields | 3 molecules of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation |
Created by:
ylopez2
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