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Antivirals
Antiviral medications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| formulated to seek out virus and prevent replication in body fluids or in host cells w/out interfering w/ normal cell function | antivirals |
| Therapeutic uses of antiviral agents | herpesvirus infections, influenza, RSV, varicella zoster |
| acts by interfering with viral DNA synthesis | acyclovir (Zovirax) valacyclovir (Valtrex) |
| Antiherpes agents | acyclovir (Zovirax), famciclovir (Famvir), valacyclovir (Valtrex), valganciclovir (Valcyte) |
| Anti influenza agents | amamtadine (Symmetrel), oseltamivir (Tamiflu), rimantadine (Flumadine), zanamivir (Relenza) |
| therapeutic uses for acyclovir | HSV 1 -2, varicella-zoster (chicken pox (varicella) and shingles (zoster)), |
| therapeutic uses for famciclovir | herpes zoster (shingles), genital herpes, treats oral herpes simplex virus |
| famciclovir is produg of | penciclovir |
| should not be used in patients w/ milk product sensitivities | famiclovir |
| therapeutic uses for valacyclovir | herpes zoster (shingles) and genital herpes |
| side effects valacyclovir | CNS side effects (confusion, hallucinations, seizures). nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation |
| valganciclovir is oral prodrug of | ganciclovir |
| do not handle broken or crushed tablets; pregnant women should not handle this drug | valganiclovir |
| 2 BLACK BOX warnings 1. regarding mutagenic properties and, effects on reproduction 2. severe leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, bone marrow aplasia, and aplastic anemia | valganiclovir |
| prevents absorption of viral particles into host cell by inhibiting uncoating | amantadine |
| some therapeutic effect on Parkinson's disease | amantadine |
| therapy must be initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset | oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) |
| avoid use in neonatal population, use cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, hepatic impairment and renal impairment | oseltamivir |
| for prophylaxis and treatment of infections cause by influenza type A virus strains | rimantadine (Flumadine) |
| drug interactions with rimantadine | antihistamines and caffeine increase neurotoxicity associated w/ this drug |
| for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza type A & B | zanamivir (Relenza) |
| do not use if have milk product sensitivity | zanamivir |
| useful in treating viral infections and may be useful in treating patients with RSV | ribavirin (Virazole) |
| serious side effect of hemolytic anemia | ribavirin |
| several black box warnings: patients w/ cardiac disease, pregnant women, men whose partner is pregnant, patients taking didanosine | ribavirin |
| pregnant pharmacy techs should avoid handling | ribavirin |
| retrovirus | virus that transcribes its RNA into DNA after entering a host cell, has enzyme called reverse transcriptase, as its genetic material. HIV/AIDS are retroviruses |
| drugs used to treat HIV | NRTIs, NtRTIs, NNRTOs, PIs, integrase inhibitors |
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) | abacavir (Ziagen), didanosine (Videx), emtricitabine (Emtriva), lamivudine (Epivir), stavudine (Zerit), zidovudine (Retrovir) |
| Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs) | Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) |
| Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) | delavirdine (Rescriptor), efavirenz (Sustiva), etravirine (Intelence), nevirapine (Viramune), rilpivirine (Edurant) |
| Protease inhibitors (PIs) | atazanavir (Reyataz), darunavir (Prezista), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir-ritonavir (Kaletra), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir), saquinavir (Invirase), tipranavir (Aptivus) |
| Fusion inhibitors | mechanism of action prevent HIV from entering immune cells |
| Fusion inhibitor | enfuvirtide (Fuzeon), |
| Chemokine Coreceptor Antagonists (CCR5) | mechanism of action preventing HIV from attaching and thereby entering an immune system cell |
| CCR5 | maraviroc (Selzentry) |
| integrase inhibitors | dolutegravir (Tivicay), elvitegravir (Vitekta), raltegravir (Isentress) |
| mechanism of action for integrase inhibitors | blocks integrase from inserting viral RNA into DNA of the host cell |
| CDC developed guidelines for healthcare worker exposure to HIV or other high risk patients | given postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) antiretrovirals |
| Atripla is combo of antiretrovirals | efavirenz(NNRTI)-emtricitabine (NRTI)-tenofovir(NtRTI) taken once a day w/ water on empty stomach 600/200/300mg |
| Combivir is combo of antiretrovirals | lamivudine-zidovudine (both NRTIs) |
| Epzicom is combo of antiretrovirals | abacavir-lamivudine (both NRTIs) |
| Stribild is combo of antiretrovirals | elvitegravir-cobicistat-emtricitabine-tenofovir one tablet once daily with food 150/150/200/300mg |
| Truvada is combo of antiretrovirals | emtricitabine-tenofovir once daily with or without food 200/300mg |
| Inhibitors | block the synthesis of copies of the viral RNA; if virus cannot duplicate, it cannot infect other cells |
| drug of treatment for tuberculosis, taken for 6-9 months or longer if patient has weakened immune system | isoniazid (INH) |
| composed of disease-causing microorganism that have been throughly "killed" or destroyed | inactivated vaccines |
| taken from the antigenic part of the disease causing organism, such as the capsule or flagella, cannot cause disease, require booster shots | acellular vaccines |
| use live microorganism that has been weakened by aging it or altering the viral growth conditions; most successful, carry a high risk of mutation to virulent strain, lifelong and do not require boosters | attenuated vaccines |
| made from bacterial toxins that have been treated with aluminum salts; work on the body, not the bacteria | toxoid vaccines |
| genetically engineered products made from nonpathogenic bacteria or yeast host cells, have had genome of a pathogenic agent inserted into them | sub-unit vaccines |
| group of signaling proteins released by host cells in response to heighten anti viral defenses | interferons |
| specific antibody produced by B-lymphocytes to aid in protecting the systemic system from a foreign antigen | immunoglobulin |
| virus lays dormant within a cell | latent virus |
| individual virus particle | virion |
| destroys T helper cell lymphocytes | CD4 cells |
| Binds (CCR5 antagonists) - Fuses (Fusion inhibitors)- RNA to DNA (NNRTIs and NRTIs) - Integrase (Integrase inhibitors) - Replication - Assembly - Budding (PIs) | Steps with Retrovirus and Host Cell (what drug subclass stops) |
| Mechanism of Action for NNRTIs | inhibition of HIV infection by inhibiting enzyme reverse transcriptase |
| Complera is combo of antiretrovirals | emtricitabine-tenofivir-rilpiviriine once a day with food 200/25/300mg |
| patient receives a manufacturers card that should be carried at all times - due to possible fatal disease; | Epizocom (abacavir/lamivudine) |
| fosamprenavir | chemical structure related to sulfa drugs, caution in patients with allergies to sulfa |
| vaccine information sheet | VIS |
| HIV1 and HIV2 cause clinically indistinguishable AIDS | True |
| Diagnosis of tuberculosis usually begins with reaction | Positive skin test reaction |
| Attenuated vaccines use live, weakened microorganisms | True |
| Acellular vaccines use what part of the pathogen | Antigenic |
| The main focus of treatment for malaria | Preventive |
| inflammation of the liver | Hepatitis |
| infection caused by HSV | Herpes |
| virus lies dormant within a cell | Latent virus |
| varicella | chickenpox |
| interferons | group of signaling proteins released by host cells in response to heighten anti viral defenses |
| immunoglobulin | specific antibody produced by B-lymphocytes to aid in protecting the systemic system from a foreign antigen |
| virion | individual virus particle |
| can cause a patient to test positive for marijuana | efavirenz |
| Epizocom | patient receives a manufacturer's card that should be carried at all times due to possible fatal disease hypersensitivity reactions such as heptoxicity or renal dysfunction |
| Abacavir | can penetrate the central nervous system |
| ganciclovir | should not be handled by pregnant technicians due to risk to fetus |
| famciclovir | use with caution with patients that have milk sensitivities |
| fosamprenavir | chemical structure related to sulfa drugs, caution in patients with allergies to sulfa |
| fusion inhibitors | prevents HIV virus from entering immune cells |
| zidovudine | one of the first drugs developed specifically for the treatment of HIV |
| virus that converts its RNA into DNA and inserts the copy into the DNA of the host cell | HIV |
| HIV Binding | stopped by CCR5 antagonists |
| HIV Fusion | stopped by Fusion inhibitors |
| HIV reverse transcriptase | stopped by NNRTIs and NRTIs |
| HIV integration | stopped by Integrase inhibitors |
| HIV Budding | stopped by Protease inhibitors (PIs) |
Created by:
ChemeketaPHM2021
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