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Cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Left side heart | receives oxygenated blood |
| Pulmonary veins | carry blood to heart |
| Blood enters heart | via right atrium |
| automaticity | spontaneous contraction of muscle with no nerve stimulus |
| autonomic nervous system | part of brain that controls functions in body with no conscious thought |
| sympathetic nervous system | fight or flight system |
| parasympathetic system | slows systems down |
| myocardium | heart muscle |
| stroke volume | volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contractions |
| dilation | widening of coronary arteries |
| coronary arteries | blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle |
| aortic valve | right coronary artery supplies blood to right atrium |
| cardiac output | calculated by multiplying the heart rate by the volume of blood ejected with each contraction |
| perfusion | constant flow of oxygenated blood |
| ischemia | decreased blood flow |
| atherosclerosis | calcium and fatty material (cholesterol) build up and form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels |
| occlusion | blockage |
| lumen | inside diameter of the artery |
| thromboembolism | blood clot that is floating through blood vessels until it reaches an area too narrow for it to pass, stops blood at that point |
| acute myocardial infarction (ami) | classic heart attack |
| infarction | death of tissue |
| acute coronary syndrome (acs) | group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia |
| angina pectoris | brief time of heart tissues not getting enough oxygen |
| syncope | fainting |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm, ventricular fibrillation |
| tachycardia | rapid heart beat 110+ bpm |
| bradycardia | slow beating of heart 60 - bpm |
| ventricular tachycardia | rapid heart rhythm (usually 150-200 bpm) |
| ventricular fibrillation | disorganized ineffective quivering of the ventricles |
| defibrillate | shock the hear with a specialized electric current |
| asystole | absence of all hart electrical activity |
| cardiogenic shock | heart lacks enough power to force the proper volume of blood through the circulatory system |
| dependent edema | collection of fluid in the part of the body that is closest to the ground |
| hypertensive emergency | systolic pressure greater than 180mm Hg or a rapid rise in the systolic pressure |
| tricuspid valve | blood returns to right atrium |
| aortic dissection | sudden onset of tearing chest pain with absent or different blood pressure in the right and left arm |
| depth of compression on a 25 yr old female | 2-2.5 inches |
| 3 layers of heart | endocardium, myocardium, epicardium |
| systolic | bp measured during ventricular contraction |
| diastolic | bp measured during ventricular contraction |
| 2 shockable rhythms | ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation |
| 2 min after cpr the AED is re applied and you should | turn on AED, follow prompts |
| patient took multiple nitroglycerin and is cool, pale sweaty and rapid/weak pulse | acute myocardial infarction |
| shortness of breath, peripheral edema, JVD and crackles are signs of | pulmonary edema |
| female patiend complaining of upper abdominal pain and taken 2 nitroglycerin's prior to your arrival no relief | acute myocardial infarction (should you give more nitro? contact medical control and obtain permission to give 1 more nitro |
| cardiogenic shock symptoms | rapid breathing, short breath, tachycardia, localized weak pulse, low bp, sweating , pale |
| What is the function of the heart (665) | receives deoxygenated blood from the body, sends to lungs for reoxygen, pumps throughout body |
| what does the hear require to function effectively | constant supply of oxygen, electricity to stimulate the contraction |
| what should you include in your primary assessment of a patient with cardiac problems? | find and correct problems with airway, breathing, and circulation. look for and correct airway, breathing and circulation problems |
| what is significant about patient's vital signs? | pale cool clammy skin, irregular heartbeat (electric disturbance) |
| difference between angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction | AP- hear demand for oxygen exceeds supply, triggered by exertion, chest pain and discomfort AMI- portion of heart muscle completely deprived of oxygen because of occlusion of one or more coronary arteries. pain doesnt resolve with rest or nitro for15 m. |
Created by:
A. Shearer
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