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Lyphatic System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 types of immunity | innate and adaptive |
| 2 types of innate defenses | 1st defense and 2nd defense |
| 2 types if adaptive defenses | humoral and cellular |
| innate defenses | include 1st and 2nd defenses that stop attacks by pathogens |
| 1st line of defense | surface barriers and skin and mucosa membranes and their secretions that produce protective chemicals that inhibit or destroy microorganisms |
| types of surface barrier secretions | acid, enzymes, mucin, defensins, and other chemicals lime components of sebum and sweat |
| 2nd line defense | cells and chemicals, protects deeper tissues, have 2nd line cells that have pattern recognition reception, phagocytosis occurs |
| nicks/cutes to surface barriers | triggers 2nd line of defense |
| types od cells and chemicals | phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammatory response, antimicrobial proteins (interferons, complement proteins), and fever |
| adaptive defenses | 3rd line of response, specific defensive system, is systemic, has memory, eliminates almost any pathogen or any abnormal cell o=in body |
| humoral immunity | extracellular, anti-body mediated, try to destroy pathogen without destroying the cell, uses antibodies and B-cells |
| B-cells activate when antigens bind to surface receptors then triggers proliferation and differentiation of B-cell into | plasma cells or memory cells |
| plasma cells | antibody-secreting effector cells |
| memory cells | immunological memory for future exposures |
| primary immune response | cell proliferation and differentiation upon 1st exposure to antigen, lag period is 3-6 days, peak levels of plasma antibody at day 10 then levels decline |
| secondary immune response | re-exposure to same antigen, sensitized memory cells provide immunological memory, antibody levels remain high for weeks-months |
| active humoral immunity | occurs when B-cells encounter antigens and produce specific antibodies against them; naturally acquired is formed in response to actual bacteria or viral infection, artificially acquired is formed in response to vaccine pf dead or weakened pathogen |
| passive humoral immunity | occurs when ready made antibodies are introduces into body, short lived; naturally acquired when antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant through milk, artificially acquired when an injection of serum is performed |
| antibodies funciton | don't destroy antigens they inactivate and tag them, PLAN= Precipitation, Lysis (via complemented, Agglutination, Neutralization) |
| cellular immune response | intracellular, T-cells provide defense against intracellular antigens, they directly kill cells then release chemicals that regulate immune response |
| two populations of T-cells | CD4 cells usually become helper T-cells which activate B-cells, T-cells and macrophages, some become regulatory T-cells which moderate immune response; CD8 cells become cytotoxic T-cells which destroy cells harboring foreign antigens |
| cytokines | chemical messengers of cellular immunity, functions to mediate cell development and differentiation, mediate reposes in immune system |
Created by:
brookeklinger
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