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Sci 9 Biology Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biological diversity | The number and variety of organisms in an area |
| Variations | Differences in characteristics of organisms caused by genetic and environmental factor |
| Species | A group of organisms that share similar genetic and physical characteristics; generally these organisms can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| Speciation | The evolution of different species from a single ancestor |
| Structural adaptation | An inherited physical characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment |
| Behavioural adaptations | An inherited physical characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment |
| Diversity index | A measure of the biological diversity in an area, calculated by dividing the number of runs in a walk-through of an area by the total number of specimens |
| Sexual dimorphism | Male and the female of a species look noticeably different. |
| Enviroment | A measure of the biological diversity in an area, calculated by dividing the number of runs in a walk through of an area by the total number of specimens |
| Competition | The struggle among individual organisms for access to a limited resource, such as a food or territory |
| Niche | The role or characteristic activity that is undertaken by an organism in an ecosystem; one organism may fill several different niches |
| Variation within a species | variations within the same species. |
| Variation between species | Variation, in biology, any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences or by the effect of environmental factors. |
| Broad niche | The roles or characteristic activities filled by a generalist organism |
| Narrow niche | A highly specialized role or characteristic activity under taken by an organism in an ecosystem |
| Generalist | an organism with generalized requirements and adaptations that allow it to survive in variable conditions and depend on a variety of food sources |
| Specialist | a type of organism that is adapted to very specific environments and having a narrow niche |
| Specialization | adaptations for surviving in very specific environments |
| Symbiotic | an interaction between organisms of different species living in close proximity to each other in a relationship that lasts over time |
| Mutualism | a symbiotic relationship between two different types of organisms that is beneficial to both organisms |
| Commensalism | a symbiotic relationship between two different types of organisms in which one of the partners benefits and the other neither benefits nor loses |
| Parasitism | a symbiotic relationship between two different types of organisms in which one of the partners is harmed and the other benefits |
| Heritable | a genetic characteristic; that is, one that can be passed on from parent to offspring |
| Asexual reproduction | the formation of a new individual from a single organism |
| Binary fission | the splitting of a single-celled organism into two new organisms approximately equal in size |
| Spores | a single-celled reproductive structure from which an individual offspring develops |
| Clones | Cloning is the creation of a copy of a cell or of an entire living thing. The copy is called a clone. |
| Budding | an asexual reproduction process in which a bud forms on an organism, grows, and eventually breaks away to become a new organism independent of the parent |
| Sexual reproduction | reproductive process involving two sexes or mating types, and resulting in offspring with a combination of genes from both parents |
| Bacterial conjugation | the direct transfer of genetic material (DNA) from one bacterial cell to another |
| Zygote | the new cell formed by the process of fertilization |
| Stamen (anther, filament) | the part of a flower that contains pollen |
| Pistil (stigma, style, ovary) | the seed-producing, or female, part of a flower |
| Gymnosperm | Gymnosperms are seed-bearing, vascular plants. |
| Angiosperm | Any of a large group of plants that produce flowers. |
| Embryo | a multi-cellular organism during early development |
| Internal/external fertilization | Internal fertilization happens in the female body. External fertilization happens outside of the body |
| Traits | a quality that makes one person, animal, or thing different from another |
| Heredity | a trait that is passed down from parents to kids. |
| Genetics | The study of genes or heritable traits. |
| Continuous variation | In genetics, traits that show a range of possibilities. |
| Discrete variation | In genetics, inherited traits that have a limited number of variations, such as the ability or inability to roll one’s tongue. |
| Dominant | An inherited trait that shows up in the offspring. |
| Recessive | An inherited trait that shows up in the offspring only if both parents passed on the genes for the trait; when mixed with genes for a dominant trait, a recessive trait does not show up in the offspring. |
| Allele | An allele is a form of a gene at a particular position on a chromosome |
| Nature - vs - nurture | the reason why identical twins could grow up looking different |
| Mutations | A change in the genetic information, or DNA, of an organism. |
| DNA | (deoxyribonucleic acid) a molecule that stores genetic information for heritable traits and directs the structure and functions of cells. |
| Genetic material | Any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin that carries genetic information and that passes it from one generation to the next. |
| Chromosomes | In a cell, tightly packed strands of DNA visible under a light microscope during cell division. |
| Gene | A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein and function. |
| Somatic cells | Body cells, not the egg or sperm (reproductive cells). |
| Mitosis | the process by which genetic material is duplicated and divided so that the two new cells have identical sets of chromosomes |
| Meiosis | in the formation of the gametes, the process by which genetic material is duplicated and divided so that each gamete has half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell |
| Genetic engineering | the artificial introduction of genes from one organism into the genetic material of another organism |
| Gamete | a reproductive cell (egg or sperm) containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell |
| Domestic | living with or under the care of human beings : tame domestic animals |
| Artificial selection | technique in which individual plants or animals with desirable traits are bred together to develop plants or animals with specific traits |
| Selective breeding | technique in which individual plants or animals with desirable traits are bred together to develop plants or animals with specific traits |
| Natural selection | a naturally occurring process in which only those organisms with the best traits for survival in an environment survive to reproduce |
| Extinction | of a species, no longer existing |
| Extirpation | the extinction of a species from specific geographic areas |
| Bioindicator species | species that help indicate environmental change |
| Seed banks | Stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity. |
| Zoos | a place where living usually wild animals are kept for showing to the public |
| Global treaties | international agreements between many nations worldwide |
Created by:
todd.mclaren
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