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Cell Cycle & Mitosis

Review of Cell Cycle and Mitosis

QuestionAnswer
DNA gets copied in the cell cycle S phase
means 2 sets of chromosomes (46 in humans) diploid
3 of these prevent a cell from continuing in the cell cycle checkpoints
makes 2 genetically IDENTICAL daughter cells mitosis
makes 4 genetically DIFFERENT cells meiosis
means 1 set of chromosomes (23 in humans) haploid
this diseases is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and division (ignoring checkpoints) cancer
gene that triggers apoptosis to prevent cancer p53 gene
reasons that cells divide instead of just get larger too hard to remove waste and receive nutrients (food)
biomolecule used 1st for energy carbohydrates
programmed cell death ; self-destruction that prevents cancer apoptosis
cells that can develop into any cell in the body [is undifferentiated] stem cells
stem cells that are NOT controversial ; can only develop into some cells adult stem cells
stem cells that are controversial; can develop into ANY cell in the human body embryonic stem cells
biomolecule that is NEVER used for energy nucleic acids
biomolecule used 2nd for energy and has the most calories lipids
biomolecule used last (3rd ) for energy proteins
starting material in a chemical reaction reactants
ending material (gets made) in a chemical reaction products
speeds up a chemical reaction (lowers activation energy) catalysts (enzymes)
building blocks of carbohydrates (always in 1:2:1 ratio) saccharides (simple sugars)
building blocks of nucleic acids nucleotides
building blocks of protein amino acids
building blocks of lipids glycerol & fatty acids
Created by: cadetjt
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