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Science preperation
Air and aerodynamics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Bernoulli's principle? | Bernoulli's principle says that when air has a high velocity, it has a lower air pressure. (Opposite for the other way) |
| What are three adaptations you can find in animals? | Birds - hollow bones - lighter to fly Birds - feathers - easier to fly - flows Air sack - provides through entire flight |
| What do airplanes use for thrust/propulsion? Birds? Insects? | Birds and insects flap their wings, and run/jump. Airplanes and jets use engines. |
| How do insects fly? | They have 2 pairs of wings. They flap in a figure 8. Wings curved on top, flat on the bottom. |
| What is streamlining? | Streamlining is the shaping of an object to reduce the amount of drag and making it more aerodynamic. |
| How do jets achieve a forward motion? | Take air in front of engine compressing it into small space - mixes with fuel - hot gasses - shot out of the back of the engine- cause plane to move in the opposite direction. |
| What is Newton's third law? | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| What does oxygen do? | It combines with other things in the environment, to make more things - oxygen makes some food turn brown - it combines with metals to rust. Oxygen is necessary for burning things - fire. |
| How do fire extinguishers work? | They cut off the burning substance from air. Fire extinguishers have carbon dioxide in it - gets rid of the oxygen in the fire. Extinguishing the fire. |
| What produces carbon dioxide? | Humans and animals exhale carbon dioxide. |
| What properties does air have? | It can exert pressure. It can be compressed. It takes up space. It has mass. It can be affected by temperature. |
| Why does warm air rise? | The molecules in warm air expand - making it less dense and easier to rise. |
| What is mass? | Mass is a body of matter that takes up space and has weight. |
| What does it mean when someone says air is a fluid? | Air can be a liquid or a gas. |
| What is density? | It is a measure of how closely the molecules are packed together. |
| What happens when air is heated? | The molecules start to move faster making it expand - taking up space. |
| What happens when air gets cold? | The molecules move slower and the density increases. |
| What happens to air when it is compressed? | The molecule that make up air are forced together. Air in tires are forced or squeezed in a confined space. |
| How does temperature affect molecules? | Hot air make the molecules move fast - expand and rise. Cold are makes them move slower - densify. |
| What are three states of matter? | Solid, liquid, gas. |
| What is air made up of? | 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Others |
| What are the four forces of flight? | Thrust, lift, drag, weight/gravity. |
| What is lift? | Lift is an upward force that acts against gravity. This force keeps an object in the air. A plane gets its lift from different pressures in the air acting on the wing. |
| What is drag? | Drag is the opposite of thrust. It is the force restrains the moving object. |
| What is gravity? | Gravity is the opposite to lift. It is the natural downward force that pulls things towards the earth. |
| What is thrust? | Thrust is the opposite of drag. Thrust is the force that moves planes and animal in the direction of motion. The engine on a plane gives the plane thrust. |
| How do wings work? | The shape helps to achieve lift. The top is curved and the bottom is flat. Air travels over the top of the wing creating a difference in pressure. |
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