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Unit 7
AP Biology/ Unit 7 Vocabulary- Gonzalez G.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | Changes to an organism or species over time |
| Evolutionary Fitness | Evolutinary fitness |
| Natural selection | A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits |
| Selective Pressure | Any reason for organisms with certain phenotypes to have either a survival benefit or disadvantage |
| Adaptive Radiation | Period of evolutionary change in which gropes of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in their communities |
| Biological Species Concept | Definition of a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups |
| Divergent Evolution | Divergent Evolution |
| Gradualism | Gradualism |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | In the fossil record, long period of apparent stasis , in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by relatively brief period of sudden change |
| Reproductive Isolation | the existence of biological factors that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile offspring |
| Speciation | An revolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species |
| Ecosystems | All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them |
| Extincition | The termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species |
| Niche | Niche |
| Species Diversity | The number and relative abundance of species in a biological community |
| RNA World Hypothesis | RNA world hypothesis |
| Convergent Evolutions | The evolution of similar feature in independent evolutionary lineages |
| Bottleneck Effect | Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions |
| Founder Effect | Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population |
| Genetic Drift | A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next |
| Mutation | A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA or in the DNA or RNA of a virus |
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring |
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | The equation used for the practice problems |
| Migration | A regular, long-distance change in location |
| Null Hypothesis | No change in data in the time frame |
| Fossil | A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past |
| Isotope | One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass |
| Morphology | Morphology |
| Vestigial Structure | A feature of an organism that is historical remnant of a structure that served a function in the organism's ancestors |
| Cladogram | cladogram |
| Lineage | Lineage |
| Molecular Clock | A method for estimating the time required for a given amount of evolution change, based on the observation that some regions of genomes evolve at constant rates |
| Out-Group | A species or group of species form an revolutionary lineage that is known the have diverged before the lineage that contains the group of species being studied |
| Phylogenetic Tree | A branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the voluntary history of a group of organisms |
| Phylogeny | The revolutionary history of a species or group of related species |
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genavi27
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