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Unit 7
AP Biology Unit 7 Vocabulary- Dominguez
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones. |
| Evolutionary Fitness | How well a species is able to survive and reproduce in its environment. |
| Natural Selection | A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. |
| Selective Pressure | Factors that contribute to selection which variations will provide the individual with an increase chance of surviving over others. |
| Adaptive Radiation | Period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to different ecological roles in their communities. |
| Biological Species Concept | Definition of a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of such other groups. |
| Divergent Evolution | The accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species |
| Gradualism | The evolution of new species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time. |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | In the fossil record, long periods of apparent stasis, in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by relatively brief periods of sudden change. |
| Reproductive Isolation | The existence of biological factors that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile offsrping. |
| Speciation | An evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species. |
| Ecosystems | All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact. |
| Extinction | The dying out of a species |
| Niche | The match of a species to a specific environmental condition. |
| Species Diversity | The number and relative abundance of species in a biological community. |
| RNA World Hypothesis | Suggests that life on Earth began with a simple RNA molecule that could copy itself. |
| Convergent Evolution | The evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages. |
| Bottleneck Effect | Genetic drift that occurs when size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving populations is no longer genetically representative of the original population. |
| Founder Effect | Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that the original population. |
| Genetic Drift | A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. |
| Mutation | A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA pr in the DNA or RNA of a virus. |
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring. |
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | The principles that frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work. |
| Migration | A regular, long-distance change in location. |
| Null Hypothesis | The hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error. |
| Fossil | A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past. |
| Isotope | One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass. |
| Morphology | The study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts. |
| Vestigial Structure | Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor. |
| Cladogram | A diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. |
| Lineage | Sequences of biological entities connected by ancestry-descent relationships; direct line of descent among organisms. |
| Molecular Clock | A method for estimating the time required for a given amount of evolutionary change, based on the observation that some regions of genomes evolve at constant rates. |
| Out-Group | A species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that contains the group of species being studied. |
| Phylogenetic Tree | A diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor. |
| Phylogeny | The study of the whole family or species of an organism in order to better understand the pre-history of it. |
Created by:
JonathanDD
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