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The Urinary System

Urinary

TermDefinition
Renal Column Extensions of the renal cortex into the renal medulla that contains blood vessels
Major and Minor calyces Structures that drain urine; from papillary ducts into renal pelvis
Ureter Muscular hollow organ that contracts via peristalsis to propel urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder Distensible organ that stores urine and contracts to expel it during micturition
Urethra Hollow organ that drains urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body during micturition
Nephron Functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering and removing waste products from the blood
Nephron Loop Segment of the renal tubule that consist of a descending limb that dives into the renal medulla and an ascending limb that travels back to the renal cortex
Cortical collecting duct The first part of the collecting system located in the renal cortex that receives filtrate from distal tubules
Glomerulus A ball-shaped capillary bed that is the side of blood filtration in the kidneys
Renal Cortex the most superficial region of the kidney; contains many blood vessels that serve the nephrons
Glomerular filtration Process by which the glomeruli produce the filtrate that enters the proximal tubule
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) The rate at which the glomeruli produce filtrate (avg. 120mL/min)
Filtration Membrane The structure that filters water, glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, and waste products out of the blood to become filtrate; composed of glomerular endothelial cells, the basal lamina and podocytes.
Filtrate Fluid that results from glomerular filtration
Tubular Reabsorption The process by which the nephron and collecting ducts return water and solutes tot the blood
Tubular Secretion The process by which the nephron and collecting ducts add substances to the filtrate
Urine The fluid that results after tubular reabsorption and secretion have taken place
Urinalysis Diagnostic test performed on urine that assess the presence and amounts of certain solutes and other characteristics of the urine
Created by: Lindsay Carlton
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