Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 6
AP Biology Unit 6 Vocabulary - Cruz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA Replication | The process by which a DNA molecule is copied |
| Replication Fork | A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are being synthesized |
| Semiconservative | in regards to DNA replication- type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consist of one old strand, derived from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand |
| Alternative Splicing | A type of low eukaryotic Gene regulation at the RNA processing level in which different MRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which are in a segments are tested as exons and which as introns. |
| Exon | A sequence within a primary transcribe that remains in the RNA after RNA processing; also refers to the region of DNA from which this sequence was transcribed |
| Intron | A non-coding, intervening sequence within a primary transcript that is removed from the transcribed during RNA processing; also refers to the region of DNA from which the sequence was transcribed. |
| Splicing | the process by which introns, the noncoding regions of genes, are excised out of the primary messenger RNA transcript, and the exons are joined together to generate mature messenger RNA. |
| Template Strand | The DNA strand that provides the pattern, or template, for ordering, buy complementary base pairing, the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript |
| Transcription | The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template |
| Codon | a three nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination; signal the basic unit of the genetic code |
| Retrovirus | an RNA virus that replicates by transcribing it’s already into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome; an important class of cancer causing viruses |
| Translation | The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information in coded in an MRNA molecule |
| Virus | an infectious particle in capable of replicating outside of a cell, consisting of an RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat and, for some viruses, a membranous envelope |
| Cell Differentiation | the process by which dividing cells change their functional or phenotypical type. |
| Cell Specialization | the process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body |
| Epigenetics | inheritance of trades transmitted by mechanisms not directly involved in the nucleotide sequence of a genes |
| Gene Expression | The process by which information included in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead of function as RNAs |
| Histone | A small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids stop buying to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in chromatin structure |
| Operon | A unit of genetic function found in bacteria and phage, consisting of a pro motor, an operator, and a coordinately regulated cluster of genes whose products function in a common pathway |
| Promoter | A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place |
| Transcription Factor | A regulatory proteins are binds to DNA in affect transcription of specific genes |
| Conjugation | in prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA between 2 cells that are temporarily joined. When the two cells are members of different species, conjunction results in horizontal gene transfer |
| Host Cell | a living cell invaded by or capable of being invaded by an infectious agent (such as a bacterium or a virus) |
| Sterility | the physiological inability to affect sexual reproduction in a living thing, members of whose kind have been produced sexually. |
| Transduction | A process in which phages carry bacterial DNA from one bacterial cell to another. When these two cells are members of different species, transduction results in horizontal dream transfer. |
| Transformation | A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species transformation result in horizontal drain transfer |
| Transposition | a DNA recombination reaction that results in the translocation of a discrete DNA segment called a transposable element or transposon from a donor site to one of many nonhomologous target sites. |
| Triploidy | a rare chromosomal abnormality in which fetuses are born with an extra set of chromosomes in their cells. |
| Biotechnology | The manipulation of organisms or their components to produce useful products |
| DNA Sequencing | determining the order of the four chemical building blocks - called "bases" - that make up the DNA molecule. |
| Electrophoresis | a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge |
| Genetic Engineering | the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism |
| PCR | A technique for amplifying DNA in retro by incubating it with specific primers, a heat resistant DNA polymerase, and nucleotides |
Created by:
evelyncruz
Popular Biology sets