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Unit 6 - Islas

TermDefinition
DNA Replication The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
Replication Fork The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow replication of each strand.
Semiconservative Being genetic replication in which a double-stranded molecule of nucleic acid separates into two single strands each of which serves as a template for the formation of a complementary strand that together with the template forms a complete molecule.
Alternative Splicing The process of selecting different combinations of splice sites within a messenger RNA precursor (pre-mRNA) to produce variably spliced mRNAs.
Exon Coding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding it, that are translated into protein.
Intron Noncoding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding it, that are spliced out before the RNA molecule is translated into a protein.
Splicing The process by which introns, the noncoding regions of genes, are excised out of the primary messenger RNA transcript, and the exons are joined together to generate mature messenger RNA.
Template Strand The sequence of DNA that is copied during the synthesis of mRNA.
Transcription The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
Codon the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material into proteins.
Retrovirus A type of virus that has RNA instead of DNA as its genetic material.
Translation The process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
Virus A submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
Cell Differentiation The process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another.
Cell Specialization The process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body.
Epigenetics The study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence.
Gene Expression The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce protein as the end product.
Histone A family of basic proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus and help condense it into chromatin.
Operon Clusters of genes that share the same promoter and are transcribed as a single large mRNA that contains multiple structural genes or cistrons.
Promoter A sequence of DNA to which proteins bind that initiate transcription of a single RNA from the DNA downstream of it.
Transcription Factor A protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
Conjugation The process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.
Host Cell A living cell invaded by or capable of being invaded by an infectious agent.
Sterility The physiological inability to affect sexual reproduction in a living thing, members of whose kind have been produced sexually.
Transduction The process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another.
Transformation One of several processes by which genetic material in the form of “naked” deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is transferred between microbial cells.
Transposition A DNA recombination reaction that results in the translocation of a discrete DNA segment called a transposable element or transposon from a donor site to one of many non homologous target sites.
Triploidy A rare chromosomal abnormality in which fetuses are born with an extra set of chromosomes in their cells.
Biotechnology A broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products.
DNA Sequencing Determining the order of the four chemical building blocks - called "bases" - that make up the DNA molecule.
Electrophoresis A laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.
Genetic Engineering The process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism.
Polymerase Chain Reaction A laboratory technique used to amplify DNA sequences.
Created by: giselleislas07
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