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Quarter 2 Geology
Quarter 2 vocabulary
| Vocabulary Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Metamorphic | formed from existing rock that is changed by heat and pressure |
| Intrusive | rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the surface of the Earth |
| Deposition | the process in which material is laid down |
| Igneous | rock that forms as result of volcanic activity at or near the surface of the Earth |
| Cementation | the process that glues sediments together |
| Sedimentary | formed when sediment or the remains of plants and animals are compacted and cemented together |
| Rock Cycle | the series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes |
| Compaction | the process by which sediments are pressed together |
| Superposition | a principle that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have not been disturbed |
| Fossil | the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock |
| Relative Dating | any method of determining whether an event or object is older or younger than other events or objects |
| Index fossil | a fossil that is used to date rock layers |
| Subduction | the process of one plate sliding below another |
| Transform | the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally |
| Plate Tectonics | the theory that explains how large pieces of the outermost layer of the Earth, move and change shape |
| Convergent | the boundary formed by the collision of two plates |
| Mantle | the layer of the Earth that’s movement causes the plates to move |
| Pangaea | the supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago |
| Divergent | the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other |
| Ring of Fire | a ring of volcanoes and earthquakes around the Pacific plate, caused by plate boundaries |
| Seafloor Spreading | the process by which new oceanic crust forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies |
| Core | the hottest and most dense part of the Earth |
| Crust | the thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth |
| Continental Drift | the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations |
| Extrusive | Igneous rock that forms outside of a volcano |
| Banded | A metamorphic rock that has parallel layers |
| Nonbanded | A metamorphic rock who’s grains are arranged randomly |
| Convection | The transfer of heat by the circular movement of a substance |
| Coarse Grained | Large Crystals formed because of magma cooling very slowly inside a volcano |
| Glassy | No crystals form because lava cools too quickly |
| Mesosaurus | A fossil that proves that Pangaea once existed because it was found on both sides of the Atlantic ocean and could not have swam the distance by itself. |
Created by:
Marquart
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