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Unit 6

AP Biology Unit 6 Vocab- Magdaleno

TermDefinition
DNA Replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule
Replication fork is a structure that forms within the long helical DNA during DNA replication.
Semi-conservative mechanism of DNA replication in all known cell
Alternative Splicing process that enables a messenger RNA (mRNA) to direct synthesis of different protein variants (isoforms) that may have different cellular functions or properties
Exon any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing
Intron a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
Splicing processing in which a newly made precursor messenger RNA transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA
Template Strand coding strand is the DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced
Transcription the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
Codon a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Retrovirus a virus that uses RNA as its genetic material. When a retrovirus infects a cell, it makes a DNA copy of its genome that is inserted into the DNA of the host cell.
Translation process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).
Virus submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
Cell Differentiation process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another.
Cell specialization process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body.
Epigenetics a change in phenotype without a change in genotype
Gene Espression the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce protein as the end product.
Histone any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.
Operon a sequence of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter
Promoter sequence of DNA needed to turn a gene on or off.
Transcription Factor protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
Conjugation process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact
Host Cell a living cell in which a virus multiplies.
Sterility physiological inability to affect sexual reproduction in a living thing, members of whose kind have been produced sexually
Transduction process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector.
Transformation processes by which genetic material in the form of “naked” deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is transferred between microbial cells
Transposition transfer of genetic material between organisms other than by vertical gene transfer.
Triplooidy fetuses are born with an extra set of chromosomes in their cells.
Biotechnology the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones
DNA sequencing process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
Electrophoresis laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.
Genetic Engineering he process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism
Polymerase Chain Reaction method widely used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample,
Created by: KassidyM
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