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Unit 6
AP Biology Unit 6 Vocabulary-Sedano
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA Replication | The process in which DNA is duplicated |
| Replication Fork | a structure that forms within the long helical DNA during DNA replication |
| Semi-conservative | Replication occurs separately on each strand after it is split |
| Alternative Splicing | The process of removing introns and causing the mRNA to be altered |
| Exon | The portion of an mRNA strand that codes for a polypeptide |
| Intron | The portion of an mRNA strand that doesn't codes for a polypeptide |
| Splicing | The process of removing certain sections of mRNA |
| Template Strand | The strand used of the template for the synthesis of another, be it transcription or DNA replication |
| Transcription | Synthesis of mRNA by using a DNA strand as a template and RNA polymerase catalyses the reaction |
| Codon | A nucleotide triplet in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid |
| Retrovirus | a virus that uses RNA as its genetic material |
| Translation | Turning the mRNA, using a ribosome with rRNA in it,into the polypeptide it codes |
| Virus | a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. |
| Cell Differentiation | involves cell specialization (in both structure and function), is controlled by turning specific sets of genes on and off |
| Cell Specialization | the process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body |
| Epigenetics | Changes to DNA that affect gene expression, these changes are reversible |
| Gene Expression | the process of taking the code that is embedded in a molecule of DNA and making it into a protein that is needed |
| Histone | A protein that attaches to DNA and can tighten or loosen the strand |
| Operon | a group of genes under coordinated control |
| Promoter | sequence where RNA polymerase binds |
| Transcription Factor | proteins that promote RNA polymerase binding to the promoter |
| Conjugation | the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact |
| Host Cell | a living cell invaded by or capable of being invaded by an infectious agent |
| Sterility | he physiological inability to affect sexual reproduction in a living thing |
| Transduction | the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. |
| Transformation | the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material |
| Transposition | the genes are transferred from one organism to another through copying and inserting process |
| Triploidy | a rare chromosomal abnormality in which fetuses are born with an extra set of chromosomes in their cells |
| Biotechnology | the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms |
| DNA sequencing | is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence |
| Electrophoresis | a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge |
| Genetic Engineering | the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction | is a method widely used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample |
Created by:
Hector23
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