Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
YSHS Triad ES
YSHS Triad Ch 17.1-17.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crust | Upper most layer of the earth, relatively cool Made of hard solid rock p.558 |
| Continental Crust | Less dense layer of crust, that averages 12- 25 mi. thick. Thickest below mountains where it can be 43 miles thick. P.558 |
| Oceanic crust | Denser, thinner layer of Crust that averages 2.5-4.3 mi. thick p.558 |
| Mantle | Denser layer of rock that averages 1800 Mi. thick. The mantle makes up 80% of the earths volume. Temperatures exceed 2280 Deg.F Inner mantle rocks have a consistency like very soft plastic or stiff gum. p.558 |
| Core | The core is the hottest layer of the Earth and temperatures exceed 10,800 Deg. F. Radio active Isotopes break down and release energy that contributes to the high temperatures. P.559 |
| Why is the inner mantle and core not liquid or gas at these temperatures? | Pressure- The weight of the crust and mantle press on the outter core and keep it from boiling creating gases and the inner core is pressed on so hard by the outter core that the atoms are forced together into a solid.p.559 |
| Pangea | The large single conntinent that is believed to have broken apart into the continents begionning about 200 million years ago. p.560 |
| Lithosphere | Thin outter shell of the Earth made from the crust and upper mantle. It consists of about 7 "plates" that float and move on the plastic inner mantle p.560 |
| Athenosphere | The hot plastic portion of the mantle that the Lithosphere "floats" on p.561 |
| Plate tectonics | Movement of the lithosphere p.560 |
| Why do the tectonic plates move? | The plates are believed to move due to convection currents in the athenosphere p.561 |
| Magma | Hot molten (melted) rock from deep inside the earth p.562 |
| Divergent plate boundary | A divergent plate boundary occurs where th Oceanic plates are forced apart by rising magma and new ocean floor is created as the magma rises to the surface and cools. This movement creates mid-oceanic ridges and rift valleys. p.562 |
| Convergent plate boundary | Convergent plate boundaries occur where the oceanic plate collides with the continental plate. Subduction zones and ocean trenches are formed where the oceanic plate is forced to dive below the contental crust. p.562 |
| Formation of mountains | Mountain ranges are the result of the collision of the oceanic and continental plates. The land is forced upward and wrinkles and folds are created as the plates are crushed into each other like two cars colliding. p.564. |
| Formation of continental Volcanoes | Volcanoes form along zones of subduction. As the oceanic crust is forced to dive beneath the continental crust the oceanic crust melts and forms a magma plume thet pushes up through the continental crust and forms a Volcanoe. p.563 |
| Transform fault boundaries | Transform foults occur where the movement of the tectonic plate form cracks in the lithosphere as the two plates slide past eachother. p.564 |
| Magnetic banding of the ocean floor(proof of tectonic plate movement) | As magma rises through mid-oceanic ridges and cools, the Iron minerals align magnetically with the earth. About every 200K years, the poles flip (North is South/South is North)These flips in polarity can be seen in the ocean floor as magnetic bands. P.566 |
| Earthquakes | Earthquakes are the vibration of the earth caused by tectonic plate movement, volcanic eruptions or human causes such as large explosions. P.567 |
| Focus | The location of the first underground movement or slippage that results in vibrations felt as an earthquake. P. 568 |
| Epicenter | The point on the surface of the earth located directly above the focus. The largest amount of damage from and earth quake occurs here. P. 568 |
| P waves | longitudinal waves that travel through the earth by compressing and stretching the earth. They are the fastest traveling waves and will be felt first, therefore are called primary waves. P.568 |
| S waves | Transverse waves travel in a rolling motion similar to waves crashing onto a beach. They are slower and are called secondary waves. S waves can't penetrate the earth's core and will not be directly detected between 105 and 140 Deg from the epicenter.P.569 |
| Surface waves. | Surface waves travel along the crust. They move in both up and down and side to side motions. This motion causes more damage than the other types of waves. Surface waves travel like a rock dropped into water and vibrate like a bell at low frequency. P.569 |
| Seismology | The branch of science that monitors and studies earthquakes and their causes. P.569 |
| Seismograph | The instrument that is used to measure the magnutude of Earthquakes and pinpoint their location. A minimum of three seismographs are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Sieosmographs can measure side to side motion or up and down. P.570 |
| Richter scale | Earthquakes are measured on the ricther scale from a 0-10 each number represents a 30 fold increase. A magnitude 10 quake is 24,000,000 times as powerful as a 5 P.571 |
| Damage prediction | The richter scale is not a good predictor of damage from an Earthquake. Factors such as the type of ground, construction, population and depth of the focus all affect the amount of damage. P571. |
| Volcanoes | Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust that allow magma to rise to the surface and escape to create either a volcanic mountain (on land)a volcanic island (above sea level) or a seamount below sea level. |
| Convergent plate Volcanoes | Volcanoes occur at convergent plate boundaries when the Oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate. The oceanic plate melts as it is forced into the Mantle and forms a magma plume that pushes up through the crust to make a volcanic mountain |
| Divergent plate volcanoes | Occur when the oceanic plate is forced apart by rising magma and new ocean floor is made forming a mid oceanic ridge. |
| Hot spot Volcanoes | Volcanoes occur over "hot spots" like Hawaii where the earth's crust is thin enough for the Magma to break through the surface and build up layer upon layer until a mountain is formed. |
Created by:
runerx
Popular Earth Science sets