Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Diseases

Biology

QuestionAnswer
Infectious diseases are caused by: Pathogens Virus, bacteria, fungi, protists
Bacteria Single celled organism Take up nutrients in body and attack immune system Treated using antibiotics Has a flagellum (tail)
Virus Non-cellular particles that can only survive inside a host cell Less sophisticated so often don't need treatment
Transmission of diseases Contact Aerosol Body fluids Food & Water Animal vector
HIV/AIDS Cause Transmission Symptoms Treatment Preventatice Caused by a retrovirus that enters cells and takes over A STI Flu like symptoms as first then weight loss, diarrhea and recurrent infections No treatment bar PEP after initial exposure and antiviral medication to suppress] it Safe sex
Chlamydia Caused by bacteria A STI Often no symptoms other than pain urinating and abdominal pain Antibiotics (azithromycin and doxycycline) Safe sex
Malaria Caused by parasite Spread through sweat glands of female mosquitos Incubation of 7-18 days then flu, diarrhea and vomiting Treat using antivirals (doxycycline, atrovaque and mefloquine) Antimalaria tablets, mosquito nets and avoid water area at night
Body exterior defences Skin- Impermeable barrier Sweat-Salty and has antibodies in it to kill bacteria Eyes- Salty tears, conjunctiva is intended to get infected stops eye infection Trachea- Cilia moves mucus to trap pathogens Stomach- Contains strong acid to kill pathogens
Immune system has three main parts: Phagocytes Lymphocytes Antibodies
Phagocytes Cell eaters. Pseudopia engulf bacteria and then digest it
Lymphocytes Produce antibodies
Antibodies Small protein molecules Y-shaped with 2 binding sites Lock and key system for antigens They attach to pathogens, label the cells, bind to toxins and clump them together so phagocytes can easily digest
Primary response First time body encounters the antigen. Must find the correct lymphocyte to produce the antibody. Helper cells show antigen to lymphocyte to see if it fits When found correct out, reproduce quickly Can take days
Secondary response After primary response, some memory cells stay in blood so can respond quicker Detect antigen and can quickly reproduce the correct antibody. Immune
Vaccine -What it is -What it does A vaccine contains dead/ damaged or a similar harmless virus Triggers an immune response so have memory cells but cant get ill from it.
Vaccine examples Polio- mass vaccination eradicated it apart from it being endemic in Asia. Influenza- constantly mutates so need a booster vaccine each year
MMR Controversy Combined vaccine more efficient as don't miss a dose and less side effects Dr Andrew Wakefield published in Lancet a link with Autism People didn't have vaccine so herd immunity is lacking
Treatment issues -Antibiotics -Gene therapy -Medication -Only effective against bacteria. Could have resistance -Only temporary and only works if localised -Unpredictable side effects, can become tolerant and can't mix certain medications
Types of diseases Infectious diseases Genetic diseases Lifestyle diseases Degenerative diseases Psychological diseases
Infectious diseases -Cause -Treatment -Example -Pathogens -Antibiotics and antiviral medications -HIV, Chlamydia and Malaria
Genetic diseases -Cause -Treatment -Example -Mutation in gene structure and inherited allele - Treat symptoms and gene therapy - Cystic Fibrosis
Lifestyle diseases -Cause -Treatment -Example -Poor lifestyle choices -Adjust a lifestyle and treat the diseases - Liver Cirrhosis, CHD, Diabetes
Degenerative diseases -Cause -Treatment -Example - Old age - Short term symptom management -Alzheimer's and Arthritis
Psychological diseases -Cause -Treatment -Example - Trauma and neurochemical imbalance -Talking therapy and medication -Schizophrenia, ADHD, anxiety
Drug testing -Aims -Stages - See it's effectiveness and safety 1) Lab tests on tissue- toxicity and dosage 2) Animal tests- Safety 3)Clinical trials a) Healthy volunteers- Safety and side effects b)Target group - Effectiveness at least a year
Double blind testing Doctor nor patient knows if it is the placebo or the real drug
Created by: Zoe 1
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards