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Unit 6

AP Biology Unit 6 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
DNA Replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule
Replication Fork is a structure that forms within the long helical DNA during DNA replication
Semiconservative - in regards to DNA replication model, after one round of replication, every new DNA double helix would be a hybrid that consisted of one strand of old DNA
Alternative Splicing is a process that enables a messenger RNA (mRNA) to direct synthesis of different protein variants (isoforms) that may have different cellular functions
Exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
Intron a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
Splicing molecular biology, is a form of RNA processing in which a newly made precursor messenger RNA transcript is transformed i
Template Strand DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase to attach complementary bases during DNA replication
Transcription copying a segment of DNA into RNA
Codon three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Retrovirus is a virus that uses RNA as its genetic material
Translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize
Virus infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells
Cell Differentiation a cell changes from one cell type to another.
Cell Specialization development of embryos.
Epigenetics behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work.
Gene Expression the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce protein as the end product
Histone are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei
Operon is a sequence of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter.
Promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind that initiate transcription of a single RNA from the DNA
Transcription Factor is a protein that controls the rate of transcription
Conjugation is the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact
Host Cell an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives
Sterility The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female sterility) or to induce conception (male sterility).
Tranduction the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector
Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material
Transposition the genes are transferred from one organism to another through copying and inserting process
Triploidy is a rare chromosomal abnormality in which fetuses are born with an extra set of chromosomes in their cells
Biotechnology l processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones
DNA Sequencing the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA
Electrophoresis charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field.
Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample
Created by: JohnnyMadaleno22
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