The band of muscles between the ribs

A thick sheet of muscles that separates your heart and lungs from the rest of the organs

A strong tube that carries air down your nose from the pharynx

The two branches of the trachea that take the air into the lungs

The smaller branches of the bronchi that forms a network like a tree

Cluster of tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchiole

Is the process when intercostal muscles contract your ribs move upward and outward and when the diaphragm muscles contract the diaphragm flattens and the chest becomes bigger which makes the air rush in through your nose.

Is the process when intercostal muscles relax your ribs move downward and inward and when the diaphragm muscles relax the diaphragm dome shaped and the chest becomes smaller which makes the air rush out through your nose.

Is the movement of oxygen from the air in the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries around the alveolus and the movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the air in the alveoli

The red protein inside the Red blood cells that pick up oxygen in the blood

Characteristics of alveoli for speeding up diffusion

* Thin walls- bring air and blood as close as possible * Inner surface covered by thin layer of moisture to dissolve the oxygen and carbon dioxide *Large surface area *Richly supplied with blood capillaries -bring lots of oxygen to be picked by blood

Is a mixture of gases -Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour

What is the role of breathing?

Breathing renews the air in the lungs, and keeps the oxygen concentration in the alveoli as high as possible to make the diffusion into the blood as fast as possible

It is the process of use of oxygen by living cells to release energy from food molecules such as glucose

What do the cells use this energy released by respiration for?

Growth, reproduction, movement, staying warm, metabolism to stay alive.

Why does the depth and rate of breathing increase while you exercise?

When you are still your muscles are in the relaxed, on exercise the muscles contract rapidly and energy needed increase. So respiration has to speed upto release energy which in turn increase the gas exchange so breathing increases.

why is it difficult to breath as you climb high mountain?

At higher altitude the oxygen level decreases and hence it is difficult to climb as there is less oxygen in the alveoli and so less oxygen carried to the body for energy liberation.

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Respiration,Breathin

Grade 8 Biology

Term	Definition
Intercostal Muscles	The band of muscles between the ribs
Diaphragm	A thick sheet of muscles that separates your heart and lungs from the rest of the organs
Trachea	A strong tube that carries air down your nose from the pharynx
Bronchi	The two branches of the trachea that take the air into the lungs
Bronchiole	The smaller branches of the bronchi that forms a network like a tree
Alveoli	Cluster of tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchiole
Inspiration	Is the process when intercostal muscles contract your ribs move upward and outward and when the diaphragm muscles contract the diaphragm flattens and the chest becomes bigger which makes the air rush in through your nose.
Expiration	Is the process when intercostal muscles relax your ribs move downward and inward and when the diaphragm muscles relax the diaphragm dome shaped and the chest becomes smaller which makes the air rush out through your nose.
Gas exchange	Is the movement of oxygen from the air in the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries around the alveolus and the movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the air in the alveoli
Haemoglobin	The red protein inside the Red blood cells that pick up oxygen in the blood
Characteristics of alveoli for speeding up diffusion	* Thin walls- bring air and blood as close as possible * Inner surface covered by thin layer of moisture to dissolve the oxygen and carbon dioxide Large surface area Richly supplied with blood capillaries -bring lots of oxygen to be picked by blood
Percentage of oxygen in air	21%
Composition of Air	Is a mixture of gases -Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour
What is the role of breathing?	Breathing renews the air in the lungs, and keeps the oxygen concentration in the alveoli as high as possible to make the diffusion into the blood as fast as possible
Aerobic respiration	It is the process of use of oxygen by living cells to release energy from food molecules such as glucose
What do the cells use this energy released by respiration for?	Growth, reproduction, movement, staying warm, metabolism to stay alive.
what is the volume of air that you take into your lungs when you are resting (Normal Breathing)	0.5 dm3/ 500 ml
Name the special graph that shows the changes of volume of air in the lungs	Spirogram
Why does the depth and rate of breathing increase while you exercise?	When you are still your muscles are in the relaxed, on exercise the muscles contract rapidly and energy needed increase. So respiration has to speed upto release energy which in turn increase the gas exchange so breathing increases.
why is it difficult to breath as you climb high mountain?	At higher altitude the oxygen level decreases and hence it is difficult to climb as there is less oxygen in the alveoli and so less oxygen carried to the body for energy liberation.

Created by: Deepti Vimal

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