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AP Biology Unit 6

TermDefinition
DNA Replication DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part for biological inheritance.
Replication Fork The replication fork is a structure that forms within the long helical DNA during DNA replication. It is created by helicases, which break the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together in the helix.
Semiconservative - in regards to DNA replication relating to or denoting replication of a nucleic acid in which one complete strand of each double helix is directly derived from the parent molecule.
Alternative Splicing Alternative splicing is a process that enables an mRNA to direct synthesis of different protein variants (isoforms) that may have different cellular functions or properties. It occurs by rearranging the pattern of intron and exon elements.
Exon An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
Intron a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
Splicing RNA splicing, in molecular biology, is a form of RNA processing in which a newly made precursor messenger RNA transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA.
Template Strand template strand is the term that refers to the strand used by DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase to attach complementary bases during DNA replication or RNA transcription,
Transcription Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. The segments of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins are said to produce messenger RNA.
Codon a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Retrovirus A retrovirus is a virus that uses RNA as its genetic material. When a retrovirus infects a cell, it makes a DNA copy of its genome that is inserted into the DNA of the host cell.
Translation Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)
Virus
Cell Differentiation
Cell Specialization
Epigenetics
Gene Expression
Histone
Operon
Promoter
Transcription Factor
Conjugation
Host Cell
Sterility
Tranduction
Transformation
Transposition
Triploidy
Biotechnology
DNA Sequencing
Electrophoresis
Genetic Engineering
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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