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D&N Vocab
HW #9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adipose tissue | Tissue that stores fat. |
| blood | Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. |
| bone | Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton |
| cardiac muscle | Muscle of the heart |
| cartilage | A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together. |
| collagen | Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength |
| connective tissue | A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts |
| dermis | middle layer of skin |
| ectotherm | An animal whose body does not produce much internal heat |
| endocrine gland | Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream |
| endotherm | An organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process |
| epidermis | top layer of skin |
| epithelial tissue | A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out |
| exocrine gland | a gland that secretes its product into a duct, which ultimately carries the product to the surface of the body or into a body cavity. Example: sweat glands |
| gland | An organ that produces and releases chemicals either through ducts or into the bloodstream. |
| glial cell | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons |
| homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| ligament | Connects bone to bone |
| lymph | watery fluid |
| negative feedback | a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus |
| nerve tissue | a body tissue that carries messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body |
| neuron | nerve cell |
| organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organ system | A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions. |
| positive feedback | A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will amplify the change. Takes an organism away from a steady state. |
| skeletal muscle | A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones. |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle found in internal organs |
| tendon | Connects muscle to bone |
| tissue | A group of similar cells that perform the same function. |
| absorption | the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another. |
| amylase | enzyme that breaks down starch; in saliva |
| bile | A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles. |
| bile salt | a component of bile that breaks down large fat globules |
| body mass index | a ratio that allows you to assess your body size in relation to your height and weight |
| calorie | Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C |
| carnivore | A consumer that eats only animals. |
| cellulase | an enzyme that weakens plant cell walls by degrading cellulose |
| cholecystokinin | a hormone that is secreted by cells in the duodenum and stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas. |
| chyme | Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach. |
| colon | another name for the large intestine |
| digestion | Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used |
| digestive system | Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. |
| epiglottis | A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering. |
| essential amino acid | Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be eaten in foods |
| essential fatty acid | fats needed by the body that must be consumed in the diet because the human body cannot manufacture them |
| extracellular digestion | type of digestion in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive system and then absorbed |
| feces | solid waste; poop |
| food vacuole | A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell. |
| gallbladder | stores bile |
| gastric inhibitory peptide | hormone that slows gastric motility and stimulates insulin release from the pancreas |
| gastrin | hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility |
| gastrovascular cavity | Digestive chamber with a single opening, in which cnidarians, flatworms, and echinoderms digest food |
| glycogen | a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis. |
| herbivore | A consumer that eats only plants. |
| intracellular digestion | type of digestion in which food is digested inside specialized cells that pass nutrients to other cells by diffusion |
| lacteals | specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream |
| lactose intolerance | The inability to completely digest the milk sugar lactose |
| large intestine | Absorbs water and forms feces |
| lipase | pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats |
| liver | produces bile |
| lysosome | An organelle containing digestive enzymes |
| microvillus | One of many fine, finger-like projections of the epithelial cells in the lumen of the small intestine that increase its surface area. |
| minerals | Elements found in food that are used by the body |
| mouth | where digestion begins |
| nutrient | a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life. |
| omnivore | A consumer that eats both plants and animals |
| pancreas | produces the enzymes insulin and glucagon |
| pancreatic juice | the clear alkaline digestive fluid secreted by the pancreas. |
| peristalsis | Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. |
| pharynx | throat; passageway for food to the esophagus |
| protease | enzyme that breaks down proteins |
| rectum | stores feces |
| ruminant | any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments |
| secretin | A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g., from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer. |
| segmentation movement | simultaneous contractions to move the food, break down to small particles |
| small intestine | Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place |
| stomach | large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food |
| urea | A chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins |
| villi | Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption |
| vitamin | organic molecule that helps regulate body processes |
Created by:
zoe_szeto17
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