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Biology Review

Translation A step in the synthesis of protein, in which mRNA is decoded to form amino acids. The process of translation is like the process of making a mask. During translation, mRNA is used to make proteins. You could think of the mRNA as being like your face,
mRNA Messenger RNA; the ribonucleic acid molecule that serves as the template for protein synthesis.
Proteins Molecules made from long chains of amino acids.
Transcription A process by which the information in DNA is copied into a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) molecule.
DNA The chemical blueprint for all living things. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid, it is a double-stranded molecule that carries genetic information and determines the physical characteristics between generations.
Animo Acids Small, organic molecules that link with other amino acids in long chains to form proteins. They contain an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and a side chain.
Organisms Individual living things.
Nitrogenous Bases Compounds that contain nitrogen and act as chemical bases. There are four different bases in DNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. In RNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
Start Codon The sequence of bases AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine and indicates the beginning of protein assembly.
Stop Codon A sequence of three bases on mRNA that do not code for an amino acid and therefore indicate the stop of translation.
Peptide Bond A covalent bond (a bond that involves the sharing of electrons) between the amino acid molecules in a protein.
Prokaryote One-celled organisms that do not have membrane-enclosed nuclei.
Eukaryote Organisms consisting of one or more cells; each cell contains a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
Nucleotide in RNA Phosphate group, uracil molecule, and ribose sugar.
Nucleotide in DNA Phosphate group, thymine molecule, and deoxyribose sugar.
Created by: OliviaRoark
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