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Unit 6

AP Biology Unit 6 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
DNA Replication The process by which a DNA molecule is copied.
Replication Fork A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are being synthesized.
Semiconservative (DNA Replication) Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand.
Alternative Splicing A type of eukaryotic gene regulation at the RNA-processing level in which different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons or introns.
Exon A sequence within a primary transcript that remains in the RNA after RNA processing.
Intron A noncoding, intervening sequence withing a primary transcript that is removed from the transcript during RNA processing.
Splicing The process by which introns are excised out of the primary messenger RNA transcript, and the exons are joined together to generate mature messenger RNA.
Template Strand The DNA strand that provides the pattern or template for ordering by complementary base pairing, the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
Transcription The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template.
Codon A 3-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
Retrovirus An RNA virus that replicates by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome.
Translation The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic info encoded in an mRNA molecule.
Virus An infectious particle incapable of replicating outside of a cell, consisting of an RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat .
Cell Differentiation Cells in the same organism that have different phenotypes; results from gene expression for tissue-specific proteins.
Cell Specialization A process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another.
Epigenetics Change in gene expression that doesn't involve changes in the DNA sequence; a change in phenotype, but not in genotype.
Gene Expression The process by which info encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs.
Histone Proteins used to wrap DNA around
Operon Closely linked genes that produce a single mRNA molecule during transcription.
Promoter A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place.
Transcription Factor A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes.
Conjugation In prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined. When the two cells are members of different species, conjugation results in horizontal gene transfer.
Host Cell A living cell invaded by or capable of being invaded by an infectious agent.
Sterility An inability of an organism to affect sexual reproduction; infertility of an organism.
Transduction Transmission of foreign DNA into a cell when a viral genome integrates with the host genome.
Transformation A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
Transposition Movement of DNA segments withing and between DNA molecules.
Triploidy Having 3 copies of a particular chromosome.
Biotechnology The manipulation of organismsnor their components to produce useful products.
DNA Sequencing The order of nucleotides in DNA.
Electrophoresis Separation/movement of molecules according to their size and charge.
Genetic Engineering The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating it with specific primer, a heat-resistant DNA polymerase, and nucleotides.
Created by: AmericaC
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