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Jessica McKay
Anatomy (Wks 7-13)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except: | microglia lay down scar tissue. |
| In the human nervous system: | there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. |
| The white matter of the nervous system is made up of: | myelinated fibers. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)? | Integrating sensory information Evaluating the information Initiating an outgoing response |
| Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? | Endoneurium |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies. |
| Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves. | sensory |
| The nervous system can be divided: | according to its structure. according to direction of information flow. by control of effectors. |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n): | sensory neuron. |
| Interneurons reside in the | CNS only. |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. | toward |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system. |
| Schwann cells have a function in the PNS that is similar to that of which cells in the CNS? | Oligodendrocytes |
| Multipolar neurons have: | multiple dendrites and one axon. |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: | sensory neurons. |
| The nervous system is organized to do which of the following? | Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. Evaluate changes in the environment. |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. | multipolar |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: | nuclei. |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: | astrocytes. |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Which is not true of the myelin sheath? | It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: | perineurium. |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: | skeletal muscles. |
| Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: | a neurilemma |
| Astrocytes attach to: | neurons. blood vessels. |
| Which is true of a reflex arc? | It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: | astrocytes. |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? | Pineal gland |
| Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. | FALSE |
| The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the: | dura mater. |
| If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation? | Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation |
| Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division. | FALSE |
| All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except: | vestibulocochlear. |
| The pyramids are formed in the: | medulla |
| Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? | Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. |
| Which are true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? | Most decussate They are referred to as pyramidal pathways They originate in the cerebral cortex |
| Which of the following might occur from the stimulation of parasympathetic fibers? | Increased peristalsis in the digestive tract |
| The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the: | Accessory |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. | 31 |
| The sensory cranial nerves include only the: | olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear. |
| Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals. | TRUE |
| The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus. | Cervical |
| “Fight-or-flight” physiological changes include all of the following except: | constriction of respiratory airways. |
| Fight or Flight physiological changes INCLUDE: | Increased conversion of glycogen into glucose. Increased sweating. Dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles. |
| The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons. | FALSE |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. | FALSE |
| Which of the following is NOT a plexus of the spinal nerves? | Thoracic |
| Parts that ARE part of the Plexus of the Spinal Nerves: | Cervical Brachial Lumbar |
| All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except: | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the: | subdural space. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid IS found in the following: | Subarachnoid Space Central Canal Third Ventricle |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: | limbic system. |
| The peripheral nervous system includes: | only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches. |
| Which is not true about sympathetic postganglionic neurons? | They produce acetylcholine. |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are: | sensory. |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | Cervical |
| The main divisions of the central nervous system are the: | brain and spinal cord. |
| The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve. | femoral |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? | Brachial |
| The brainstem includes: | Pons Medulla Midbrain |
| The brainstem does NOT include: | Cerebellum |
| Impulses from which system play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum? | Reticular Activating System |
| There are _____ ventricles in the brain. | 4 |
| The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial. | 10th |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. | TRUE |
| Beta receptors: | bind norepinephrine |
| Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs. | True |
| The innermost layer of the meninges is the: | Pia Mater |
| The cervical plexus: | is found deep in the neck. is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5. includes the phrenic nerve. |
| Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue? | Hypoglossal |
| The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: | about 90% of the population. |
| Conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron. | FALSE |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. | motor and sensory |
| A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the _____ plexus | coccygeal |
| Several “vital centers” are located in the: | Medulla |
| The basilar membrane supports the | Spiral Organ |
| Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic. | choroid |
| Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing. | Cochlear Duct |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except: | microglia lay down scar tissue. |
| In the human nervous system: | there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. |
| The white matter of the nervous system is made up of: | myelinated fibers. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)? | Integrating sensory information Evaluating the information Initiating an outgoing response |
| Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? | Endoneurium |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies. |
| Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves. | sensory |
| The nervous system can be divided: | according to its structure. according to direction of information flow. by control of effectors. |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n): | sensory neuron. |
| Interneurons reside in the | CNS only. |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. | toward |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system. |
| Schwann cells have a function in the PNS that is similar to that of which cells in the CNS? | Oligodendrocytes |
| Multipolar neurons have: | multiple dendrites and one axon. |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: | sensory neurons. |
| The nervous system is organized to do which of the following? | Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. Evaluate changes in the environment. |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. | multipolar |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: | nuclei. |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: | astrocytes. |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Which is not true of the myelin sheath? | It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: | perineurium. |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: | skeletal muscles. |
| Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: | a neurilemma |
| Astrocytes attach to: | neurons. blood vessels. |
| Which is true of a reflex arc? | It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: | astrocytes. |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? | Pineal gland |
| Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. | FALSE |
| The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the: | dura mater. |
| If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation? | Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation |
| Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division. | FALSE |
| All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except: | vestibulocochlear. |
| The pyramids are formed in the: | medulla |
| Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? | Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. |
| Which are true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? | Most decussate They are referred to as pyramidal pathways They originate in the cerebral cortex |
| Which of the following might occur from the stimulation of parasympathetic fibers? | Increased peristalsis in the digestive tract |
| The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the: | Accessory |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. | 31 |
| The sensory cranial nerves include only the: | olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear. |
| Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals. | TRUE |
| The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus. | Cervical |
| “Fight-or-flight” physiological changes include all of the following except: | constriction of respiratory airways. |
| Fight or Flight physiological changes INCLUDE: | Increased conversion of glycogen into glucose. Increased sweating. Dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles. |
| The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons. | FALSE |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. | FALSE |
| Which of the following is NOT a plexus of the spinal nerves? | Thoracic |
| Parts that ARE part of the Plexus of the Spinal Nerves: | Cervical Brachial Lumbar |
| All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except: | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the: | subdural space. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid IS found in the following: | Subarachnoid Space Central Canal Third Ventricle |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: | limbic system. |
| The peripheral nervous system includes: | only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches. |
| Which is not true about sympathetic postganglionic neurons? | They produce acetylcholine. |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are: | sensory. |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | Cervical |
| The main divisions of the central nervous system are the: | brain and spinal cord. |
| The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve. | femoral |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? | Brachial |
| The brainstem includes: | Pons Medulla Midbrain |
| The brainstem does NOT include: | Cerebellum |
| Impulses from which system play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum? | Reticular Activating System |
| There are _____ ventricles in the brain. | 4 |
| The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial. | 10th |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. | TRUE |
| Beta receptors: | bind norepinephrine |
| Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs. | True |
| The innermost layer of the meninges is the: | Pia Mater |
| The cervical plexus: | is found deep in the neck. is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5. includes the phrenic nerve. |
| Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue? | Hypoglossal |
| The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: | about 90% of the population. |
| Conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron. | FALSE |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. | motor and sensory |
| A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the _____ plexus | coccygeal |
| Several “vital centers” are located in the: | Medulla |
| The basilar membrane supports the | Spiral Organ |
| Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic. | choroid |
| Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing. | Cochlear Duct |
| Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. | Vestibile |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. | adenohypophysis |
| Endolymph is made | in the stria vascularis. |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. | Beta Cells |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as | infundibulum. |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | conjunctiva |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the | Cochlear duct |
| Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. | glucocorticoids |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. | Adrenal Gland |
| Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except | on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue. |
| Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas: | on the posterior wall of the pharynx. on the fungiform papillae of the anterior tongue. on the inner surface of the cheeks. |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. | thymus gland |
| The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the | infundibulum. |
| Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers. | Cornea |
| Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA. | zona reticularis |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the | Facial |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? | Iodine |
| Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? | The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed. |
| Which of the following statements does correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? | The "hairs" of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane. High-frequency sounds stimulate hair cells at the basal end of the basilar membrane. The spiral organ is part of the cochlear duct, which equals the scala media. |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. | vitreous humor |
| Membrane attached to the stapes. | Oval Window |
| The hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine. |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. | Calcitonin |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells. | tectorial membrane |
| Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? | the thyroid |
| Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx? | thyroid and parathyroids |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. | Thyroid |
| Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones? | the fovea centralis |
| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA Node |
| All of the following are granulocytes except | Lymphocytes |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis. |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries. |
| The normal ECG is composed of all of the following EXCEPT a | E Wave |
| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | Hemoglobin |
| In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network | Vascular Anastomoses |
| Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood? | Plasma |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | Leukopenia |
| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the | endothelium. |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| Which sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles? | precapillary sphincters |
| The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the | Myocardium |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | Foramen Ovale |
| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? | tunica intima |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | Left atrium |
| Platelets play an important role in | Clotting |
| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. | great saphenous vein |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | systemic |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin. |
| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium. |
| The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the | pelvis. |
| The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica | adventitia. |
| Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? | elastic arteries |
| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | receiving chambers |
| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | Valves |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart? | sympathetic parasympathetic |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery | head and upper extremities |
| Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called | lymphokinetic activities. |
| A tumor of the lymphoid tissue is called | lymphoma. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins. |
| Bean-shaped structures located at certain intervals along the lymphatic system are | lymph nodes. |
| Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis. |
| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor. |
| The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called | diapedesis. |
| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an | Antigen's epitopes fit into and bind to an antibody molecule's antigen-binding sites |
| Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir? | spleen |
| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? | immunoglobulin M |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells. |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | Skin |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | Germinal Center |
| _____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens. | Species resistance |
| Lymphocytes that kill many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different kinds of viruses are known as | natural killer cells. |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | thymocytes |
| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | thymus. |
| The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called | phagocytosis. |
| Lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines are called | Lacteals |
| Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it? | Lymphotoxin |
| The _____ postulates that when an antigen enters the body, it selects the clone whose cells are committed to synthesizing its specific antibody and stimulates these cells to proliferate and to thereby produce more antibodies. | Clonal Selection Theory |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called | immunoglobulins |
| Which of these substances operate(s) immune mechanisms? | sebum mucus enzymes hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity. |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | Tonsils |
| Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease? | Interferon |
| The functions of the lymph nodes are | defense and hematopoiesis. |
| The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity. |
| The small openings in the cribriform plate function to: | allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain. |
| The function of surfactant is to: | prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration. |
| Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx? | Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | They serve in voice production. |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: | Throat |
| The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: | Nostrils Anterior nares external nares |
| The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: | epiglottis. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx? | Determines the quality of the voice |
| The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to: | provide an initial “filter” to screen particulate matter from air that is entering the system. |
| Which of the following is NOT a true statement? | Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax. |
| Which of the following does not distribute air? | Alveolus |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | Air |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: | cricoid cartilage |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: | horizontal fissure. |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: | oropharynx. |
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: | bronchioles |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: | covering the superior turbinate |
| Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? | Distributes oxygen to cells |
| The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium. | pseudostratified columnar |
| The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the: | septum. |
| Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? | Vestibule |
| The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: | nasopharynx |
| The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: | oropharynx |
| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: | alveoli |
| Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate? | It separates the nasal and cranial cavities. |
| The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. | 11 |
| The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the | maxillary |
| The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: | Trachea |
| The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the: | Thyroid Cartilage |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: | conchae |
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