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test exam
finals study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the steps of the scientific method? | 1.Define the problem2.Gather additional information3.Make a hypothesis4.Controlled experiment5.Record results6.Form a conclusion |
| A hypothesis may/may not be disproved by a single experiment. | may not |
| From what three things may a hypothesis arise? | a. prior knowledgeb. logical inferencec. informed, creative imagination |
| how many variables can be tested in a controlled experiment at the same time to get reliable data? | only 1! |
| define theory. | a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. |
| Biology is the study of.... | living things |
| define cell specialization. | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks. |
| maintaining internal stable conditions is described as... | homeostasis |
| Know the levels of organization within the biosphere. from smallest to largest/most complex | molecules, cells, group of cells, organisms, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere. |
| know basic safety procedures. | always wear safety goggles and appropiate clothing, never taste any chemicals, be careful around heat/flame, know location of emergency eye wash stations and fire extinguishers/fire blankets. |
| know the basic structure of the atom. | an atom is composed of a nucleus containing sub-atomic particles (positively-charged protons and negatively charged elctrons orbiting the nucleus. |
| the combining of 2 or more elements in definite proportions is a..... | compound. |
| differentiate between an ionic and a covalent bond. | an ionic bond is formed when one or more electrons are "transferred" from one atom to another. a covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared between atoms. |
| What type of electrons are used for bonding? | valence electrons. |
| single sugars belong to which category of organic compounds? | single sugars are simple carbohydrates. |
| describe what happens to atoms in all chemical reactions. | chemicals are changed or transformed into another chemical. atoms either bond with one another, or are split apart from one another. |
| be able to identify reactants and products in a chemical equation. | reactants are the elements or compounds that enter into the chemical reaction. Products are what are produced by a chemical reaction. The arrow on a chemical formula will "point" to the products. |
| energy required to start chemical reactions is called_________ energy. | activation |
| the branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment called: | ecology |
| the combined portions of earth in which all living things exist is called what? | biosphere |
| Green plants are also called what? | autotrophs or producers |
| what is the original source of almost all of the energy in most ecosystems? | the original source of energy. |
| an organism that cannot make its own food is called what? | heterotroph or consumer. |
| all the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up what? | food web. |
| the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called what? | biomass. |
| which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue a each trophic level in an ecosystem? | biomass pyramid. |
| what is not recycled in the biosphere? | energy is not recycled in the biosphere (it is a one-way flow) |
| what is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia? | nitrogen fixation. |
| the average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region is the region's: | climate. |
| the greenhouse effect is: | when carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and a few other atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain Earth's temperature range. |
| earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and: | the angle of heating |
| what is the difference between abiotic and biotic factors? | Abiotic: theses are physical or nonliving factors.Biotic: these are biological or living factors that influence organisms in ecosystems. |
| what is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem? | all of the producers and consumers |
| an organism's niche is: | organism's occupation |
| an interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called: | predation |
| a symbiosis in which both species benefit is called: | mutualism |
| two examples of primary succession are: | growth on surfaces formed after a volcanic erruption, growth occuring on bare rock exposed when glaciers melt |
| which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost? | tundra |
| ponds and lakes examples of what type of ecosytems? | standing-water ecosytems |
| what is the photic zone and where is it located in the ocean? | its located from the surface of the ocean to a depth of around 200 meters. |
| biomass pyramid | kgs or g |
| #'s pyramid | units are organisms |
| energy pyramid | total amount of energy at each trophic level |
| what is the 10% rule? | only about 10% of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level. |
| what are the factors that play a role in population growth rate? | # of births, # of deaths, and # of individuals who enter and leave the population. |
| one of the main characteristics of a population is it's? | density |
| what explains population density? | # of individuals per unit area and may vary greatly depending on the species and its ecosystem. |
| the movement of organisms into a given area from another area is called: | immigration |
| when organisms move out of the population this is known as: | emigration |
| what occurs in a population as it grows? | the amount of resources decrease as a population grows. |
| when individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate its called: | exponential growth |
| in a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population: | is increasing to the carrying capacity |
| what are the limiting factors in a population? | any factors that cause population growth 2 decrease. |
| human population growth has slowed down in what countries? | U.S, japan, and most of europe. |
| demography is the scientific study of: | human populations |
| name a country that has not yet completed a demographic transition? | india and china |
| the most important source of environmental change on earth is: | human activity |
| ___________ is using renewable resources while ensuring they are not depleted. | sustainable developement |
| ____ is the wearing away of surface soil by water an wind. | erosion |
| an_____ is a group of organisms in danger of extinction. | endangered species |
| the # of different species in the biosphere is called: | species diversity |
| an increase in earth's average temperature from the build up of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere is called: | global warming |
| why is biodiversity important to human society? | its one of the Earth's greatest natural resources. |
| what chemical has been implicated in the hole in the ozone layer? | CFCs |
| eukaryote | contains a nucleus |
| ribosome | makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the niucleus. |
| mitochondria | converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use. |
| nucleolus | structure found in the nucleus. |
| cell wall | found in plant cells but not animal cells. |
| cell membrane | supports and protects the cell |
| cell membrane | regulates materials that enter and leave the cell. |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| active transport | type of cell transport that requires the input of energy. |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| who was the first scientist to identify and see cork cells? | robert hooke |
| state the principles of the cell theory. | all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells. |
| which organisms are prokaryotes and why? | bacteria because they have genetic material that is not found in a nucleus. |
| whatare three parts of the ATP molecule? | adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups. |
| how is energy stored in a ATP molecule? | adding a phosphaet to ADP molecules. |
| how is ATP released for use? | breaking the chemical bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups. |
| photosynthesis equation: | 6CO2+6H2O+light--C6H12O6+6O2 |
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woloszyn
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