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ES Ch. 8-10 VOCAB

Plate boundaries, Volcanoes & Earthquakes, Fossils VOCAB

TermDefinition
Compression Squeezing stress; Uplifted Mountains in horizontal movement of Earth's crust
Tension Stress that pulls something apart horizontally; continental rifts/mid-ocean ridges that cause seafloor spreading
Shear Parallel forces acting in opposite horizontal directions (transform faults)
Fault Zone Area of many fractured pieces of crust along a large fault (plate boundary)
Folded Mountain Mountain made of layers of rock that are folded
Fault-block Mountain Parallel ridges that form where a block of curs moves up or down along faults
Fault A break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from or past another
Focus Place in the Earth where rocks first move along the fault: where seismic waves originate; deep-=convergent, shallow=divergent
Epicenter Location on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's Focus
Seismometer Instrument that measures ground motion and the distance earthquake waves travel
Seisomogram Graphic recording/illustration of ground motion/wave distance as measured by a seismometer
Shield Volcano Large volcano with gentle slopes of basaltic lava; common along divergent plate boundaries and deep ocean hot spots
Composite Volcano Large, steep sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions or rhyolitic lava and ash along convergent plate boundaries
Cinder Cone Volcano Small steep sided volcano that erupts gas-rich, basaltic lavas
Relative Aging Age of rocks and geologic features compared with other rocks and features nearby
Half-life Time required for half of the parent isotopes to decay into daughter isotopes (radioactive isotopes/carbon)
Superposition Principle that in undisturbed rock layers, oldest rocks are on the bottom
Created by: Wildcat31!
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