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ES Ch. 8-10 VOCAB
Plate boundaries, Volcanoes & Earthquakes, Fossils VOCAB
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Compression | Squeezing stress; Uplifted Mountains in horizontal movement of Earth's crust |
Tension | Stress that pulls something apart horizontally; continental rifts/mid-ocean ridges that cause seafloor spreading |
Shear | Parallel forces acting in opposite horizontal directions (transform faults) |
Fault Zone | Area of many fractured pieces of crust along a large fault (plate boundary) |
Folded Mountain | Mountain made of layers of rock that are folded |
Fault-block Mountain | Parallel ridges that form where a block of curs moves up or down along faults |
Fault | A break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from or past another |
Focus | Place in the Earth where rocks first move along the fault: where seismic waves originate; deep-=convergent, shallow=divergent |
Epicenter | Location on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's Focus |
Seismometer | Instrument that measures ground motion and the distance earthquake waves travel |
Seisomogram | Graphic recording/illustration of ground motion/wave distance as measured by a seismometer |
Shield Volcano | Large volcano with gentle slopes of basaltic lava; common along divergent plate boundaries and deep ocean hot spots |
Composite Volcano | Large, steep sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions or rhyolitic lava and ash along convergent plate boundaries |
Cinder Cone Volcano | Small steep sided volcano that erupts gas-rich, basaltic lavas |
Relative Aging | Age of rocks and geologic features compared with other rocks and features nearby |
Half-life | Time required for half of the parent isotopes to decay into daughter isotopes (radioactive isotopes/carbon) |
Superposition | Principle that in undisturbed rock layers, oldest rocks are on the bottom |