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Biotechnology - RCHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Human Genome Project | the project that found the order of all of the nucleotides in human DNA |
| PCR | DNA replication in a test tube |
| Gel Electrophoresis | the process of separating molecules on the basis of size and charge by passing them through a gel |
| Transgenic organism | an organism containing one or more genes from another species |
| Sticky ends | overhanging single strands of DNA left by some restriction enzymes |
| Genetic variation | this is reduced by inbreeding |
| Therapeutic cloning | cloning to create cells for medical purposes, usually stem cells |
| Nondisjunction | an error in cell division that creates cells with atypical numbers of chromosomes |
| Agarose | gelatin like substance used for separating DNA fragments by length and charge |
| Monosomy | having only one copy of a chromosome |
| Trisomy | having three copies of a chromosome |
| Inbreeding | mating between two closely related individuals |
| Pluripotent | able to become any cell in a living organism with the exception of extraembryonic structures such as the placenta |
| Genome | the set of chromosomes from one organism |
| Reproductive cloning | cloning to create a new living organism |
| Clone | an exact genetic replica of a gene, cell, or individual |
| DNA ligase | an enzymes that “glues” together fragments of DNA |
| Well | a hole in an agarose gel where a sample is placed |
| Restriction enzyme | an enzyme from bacteria that cuts DNA at a specific sequence |
| Recombinant DNA | cutting and pasting of DNA |
| Cell culture | growing living tissues outside of the organism; usually for research or therapeutic purposes |
| DNA fingerprinting | using DNA segments separated by electrophoresis to determine identity or familial relationships |
| Plasmid | a piece of circular DNA from bacteria; genes are inserted in these for cloning |
| Stem cells | cells that can divide to form many different cell types |
| Gene pool | all of the alleles in an interbreeding population |
| DNA polymerase | the enzyme used in PCR that elongates the DNA copy by adding nucleotides |
| Totipotent | able to become any cell in a living organism, including extraembryonic structures such as the placenta |
| Biotechnology | the use of living organisms to make, modify, or improve something |
| DNA sequence | the order of the nucleotides in the DNA of an organism |
| Karyotype | a physical arrangement of the chromosomes used for detecting genetic abnormalities |
| Dolly | the name of the first cloned mammal (a sheep) |
| Vector | any agent used to insert DNA into a cell; examples include plasmids, viruses, and gene guns |
| EcoR1 | A restriction enzyme isolated from E. coli bacteria. |
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