Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 6
AP Biology Unit 6 Vocabulary- Dominguez
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA Replication | The process by which a DNA molecules is copied. |
| Replication Fork | A Y-shaped region on a replication DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are being synthesized. |
| Semiconservative | Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand and one newly made strand. |
| Alternative Splicing | A type of eukaryotic gene regulation at the RNA-processing level in which different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcription, depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns. |
| Exon | A sequence within a primary transcription that remains in the RNA after RNA processing. |
| Intron | A noncoding intervening sequence within a primary transcript that is removed from the transcript during RNA processing. |
| Splicing | A form of RNA processing in which a newly made precursor messenger RNA transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA |
| Template Strand | The DNA strand that provides the pattern, or template, for ordering, by complementary base pairing, the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript. |
| Transcription | The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template. |
| Codon | A three nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal. |
| Retrovirus | An RNA virus that replicates by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome. |
| Translation | The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. |
| Virus | An infectious particle incapable of replicating outside of a cell, consisting of RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat. |
| Cell Differentiation | The process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another. |
| Cell Specialization | The process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body. |
| Epigenetics | Inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence of a genome. |
| Gene Expression | The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNA's that are not translated into proteins. |
| Histone | A small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in chromatin structure. |
| Operon | A unit of genetic function found in bacteria and phages, consisting of a promoter, an operator, and a coordinately regulated cluster of genes whose products function in a common pathway. |
| Promoter | A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate pace. |
| Transcription Factor | A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. |
| Conjugation | In prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined. When the two cells are members of different species, conjugation results in horizontal gene transfer. |
| Host Cell | A living cell invaded by or capable of being invaded by an infectious agent. |
| Sterility | The physiological inability to affect sexual reproduction in a living thing, members of whose kind have been produced sexually. |
| Transduction | A process in which phages carry bacterial DNA from one bacterial cell to another. When these two cells are of different species, transduction results in horizontal gene transfer. |
| Transformation | A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation results in horizontal gene transfer. |
| Transposition | A DNA recombination reaction that results in the translocation of a transposable element or transposon from a donor site to one of many non-homologous target sites. |
| Triploidy | A rare chromosomal abnormality in which fetuses are born with an extra set of chromosomes in their cells. |
| Biotechnology | The manipulation of organisms or their components to produce useful products. |
| DNA Sequencing | A laboratory technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases (A, C, G, and T) in a DNA molecule. |
| Electrophoresis | A laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge. (The gel thing from the gizmos) |
| Genetic Engineering | The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating it with specific primers, a heat-resistant DNA polymerase, and nucleotides. |
Created by:
JonathanDD
Popular Biology sets