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ap bio unit 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA replication | process in which DNA is copied |
| replication fork | y-shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound |
| semiconservative | The two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new, complementary strand. |
| alternative splicing | one gene encoding for one or more polypeptides as a result of which segments are treated as introns and entrons |
| exon | segments of nucleic acids that are translated into amino acids |
| intron | noncoding segments of nucleic acids that lie between coding regions |
| splicing | introns are taken out of RNA and exons are joined together in order to create a mature mRNA |
| template strand | one of the two DNA strands that is transcribed |
| transcription | synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA |
| codon | mRNA nucelotide triplets |
| retrovirus | RNA animal viruses with the most complicated replicative cycles |
| translation | synthesis of a polypeptide using the information on the mRNA |
| virus | DNA or RNA enclosed by a protective coat, which is often a protein |
| cell differentiation | process in which cells become specialized in structure and function |
| cell specialization | same thing as differentiation |
| epigenetics | inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not involving the nucleotide sequence itself |
| gene expression | information encoded in genes is used to make specific polypeptide chains or RNA molecules |
| histone | type of protein found in chromosomes and bind to DNA to give chromosomes their shape and control gene activity |
| operon | operator, promoter, and the entire stretch of DNA required for enzyme production for the tryptophan pathway |
| promoter | DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription |
| transcription factor | in eukaryotes, a collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription |
| conjugation | process by which one bacteria transfers genetic material to another through direct contact |
| host cell | living cell where a virus multiplies |
| sterility | inability of an organism to effect sexual reproduction |
| transduction | process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another |
| transformation | a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by the cell |
| transportation | act in which molecules are moved across a biological membrane |
Created by:
andream18
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