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Unit 5

AP Biology Unit 5 Vocab- Magdaleno

QuestionAnswer
Chromosomes a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Daughter Cells Daughter cells are cells that result from the division of a single parent cell.
Diploid containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Gamete a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
Haploid having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Meiosis Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
Chromatid each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
Crossing over the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
Fertilization Fertilization is the fusion of haploid gametes, egg and sperm, to form the diploid zygote.
Homologous Chromosomes Homologous chromosomes are two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the same genes, one from each parental source. In simpler terms, both of your parents provide a complete genome.
Sexual reproduction the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes).
Allele one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Conserved Identifying and helping endangered species and preventing accelerated extinction rates are major duties of conservation biologists.
Genotype the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Law of Independent Assortment describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.
Law of Segregation describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.
Phenotype the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Trait trait refers to a characteristic that is caused by genetics.
Zygote a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.
Genetic Linkage Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.
Sex-Linked Trait gene is located on a sex chromosome.
Nondusjuction the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes
Created by: KassidyM
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