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Unit 5 - Islas

TermDefinition
Chromosomes Made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes. Each cell normally contains 23 pairs.
Daughter Cell Genetically identical to the parent cell because they contain the same number and type of chromosomes.
Diploid a cell that contain two copies of each chromosome.
Gamete an organism's reproductive cells.
Haploid a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes.
Meiosis a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.
Chromatid one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome.
Crossing Over the swapping of genetic material that occurs in the germ line.
Fertilization The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.
Homologous Chromosomes A pair of chromosomes made up of two homologs.
Sexual Reproduction the combination of reproductive cells from two individuals to form a third unique offspring.
Allele any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively at a given site (locus) on a chromosome.
Conserved identical or similar sequences of DNA or RNA or amino acids (proteins) that occur in different or same species over generations.
Genotype the genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism's complete set of genes.
Law of Independent Assortment different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.
Law of Segregation a diploid organism passes a randomly selected allele for a trait to its offspring, such that the offspring receives one allele from each parent.
Phenotype the physical expression of DNA.
Trait a specific characteristic of an organism.
Zygote fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete
Genetic Linkage the way in which two genes that are located close to each other on a chromosome are often inherited together.
Sex-Linked Trait a trait in which a gene is located on a sex chromosome.
Nondisjunction the failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes.
Created by: giselleislas07
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