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HELUS7Ch5
Chapter 7 Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Charles ___ was the first to compile persuasive evidence supporting evolution. | Darwin |
| ___ is genetic change in a population over time. | Evolution |
| Darwin’s ___ transformed the natural sciences and serves as the basis of all biological research today | theory |
| Darwin served as a ___ on the British naval ship the H.M S. Beagle. | naturalist |
| The ___ sailed for five years from England to South America to make naval maps. | Beagle |
| Darwin observed ___, collected samples of new plants and animals, and wrote aboutplaces and organisms few people had seen. | nature |
| Darwin’s most unique findings were the diversity and uniqueness of organisms on the___ Islands, 1,000 km off the coast of South America. | Galápagos |
| After comparing animals and animal fossils from different islands, he observed that theywere different from organisms on the ___ ___ mainland. | South American |
| Darwin reasoned that some species might have originated in South America but had___ to be different. | evolved |
| Darwin found enormous ___ on all of the Galápagos Islands. | tortoises |
| Tortoises had ___ -____ shells and short necks where they ate low-growing plants. | dome-shaped |
| Tortoises had saddle-shaped shells and ___ necks where they ate high-growing cactus. | longer |
| Darwin concluded that the different tortoises descended from a common ancestral___ in South America, but each evolved to fit its unique environment. | population |
| Darwin observed that finches on different islands had distinct ___ sizes and shapes. | beak |
| He concluded that the finches, like the tortoises, had a common South American ancestor, but that they became different to suit the different island ___. | habitats |
| ___ ___ occurs when people breed plants and animals, such as vegetables or cows,to produce desired traits. | Selective breeding |
| Selective breeding does not produce new ___; all dogs can still have offspring with their common ancestor, the wolf. | species |
| Darwin’s theory of ___ ___ states that organisms with traits that allow them to survive in particular environments pass traits on that could lead to new species. | natural selection |
| ___ ___ is the creation of a diversity of traits through gamete formation. | Genetic variation |
| A harmful ___ may cause an organism to die. | trait |
| A beneficial trait will be passed on to thenext ___. | generation |
| Genetic variation is necessary for ___ by natural selection to occur. | evolution |
| Animals often produce more ___ than available resources can support. | offspring |
| Thomas Malthus described this “struggle to survive” among the human ___. | population |
| Darwin applied Malthus’ ideas to the ___ for survival among individuals in a species. | competition |
| Organisms best prepared for living in specific habitats will survive and ___, and their offspring will be best able to survive and reproduce as well. | reproduce |
| New species can develop if organisms with common ancestors become ___ and naturalselection causes them to differentiate in response to different environments. | isolated |
| Inherited traits that increase an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in aparticular environment are called ___. | adaptations |
| Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection includes four steps: ___, variation, inherited variation, and natural selection. | overproduction |
| Populations evolve as favorable ___ in particular environments spread throughgenerations. | traits |
| After 20 years, Darwin published "The ___ of Species by Natural Selection." | Origin |
| Darwin developed the idea that all organisms have “descended with ___” from common ancestors. | modification |
| Darwin believed that evolution by natural selection explains the ___ of modernorganisms. | diversity |
| Organisms evolve ___ for specific environments through natural selection. | adaptations |
| Adaptations are the result of a long process by which ___ are passed from one generation to another. | traits |
| People may ___ the word adaptation, believing adaptations occur within ageneration and/or are intentional rather than naturally selected. | misinterpret |
| Not all inherited traits are adaptations; negative traits may stay in a population if they are ___ to beneficial ones. | linked |
| Positive traits may help an organism to ___; negative traits may cause it to die off. | survive |
| Two ___ of adaptations are structural adaptations and behavioral adaptations. | types |
| ___ ___ are aspects of the physical body that help organisms survive and reproduce. | Structural adaptations |
| ___, or blending in with one’s surroundings, is a type of structural adaptation. | Camouflage |
| Lizards change ___ to blend in with their surroundings. | color |
| Young animals sometimes have ___ coloration when they are more vulnerable to predators. | camouflage |
| ___ is when one species looks or behaves like another. | Mimicry |
| Some ___ organisms look like other dangerous or poisonous organisms to discourage predators. | harmless |
| In another type of mimicry, a species fools its ___ by looking inviting or familiar. | prey |
| ___ ___, also called instincts, depend on the actions of an organism. | Behavioral adaptations |
| Clapper Rails build their ___ so that they will rise and fall with wetland tides. | nests |
| The male satin bower bird ___ its nest to attract a female mate. | decorates |
| A species becomes ___ when all of the individuals of that species are wiped out. | extinct |
| Several major events in the ___ of Earth have led to extinctions. | history |
| Major ___ of extinction are habitat destruction, loss of genetic diversity, and introduction of exotic species. | causes |
| Habitats for plants and animals ___ as humans develop and occupy more space. | shrink |
| The fewer the individuals left of a species, the less ___ ___ in the population. | genetic variation |
| A species is ___ if there are so few individuals that the lack of genetic diversity could lead to species extinction. | threatened |
| The introduction of ___ species can lead to competition with native species. | exotic |
| If the exotic species has few ___, it can out-compete native species and push themtoward extinction. | predators |
| If ___ environmental change occurs where only small populations of a species exist, lack of genetic variation could lead to extinction relatively quickly. | rapid |
Created by:
jnosik
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