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Star Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Life Cycle of a Star | -The sequence of changes that occur in a star as it ages -Protostar then Fusion ignition then Red Giant/Supergiant then finally White Dwarf/Black Hole |
| Interstellar Medium | -A thinly spread area of gas and dust -the gas is mostly hydrogen and the dust is mostly carbon and silicon |
| Nebula | -Interstellar medium begins to collect into big clouds -Birthplace of stars as stars are made up of gas and dust "star nursery" |
| Protostar | -Inside the nebula are regions of greater and lesser gravity causing the gas and dust to pull together -as more atoms gather their gravitational attraction increases - Not a very stable phase because many reactions are occurring within the protostar |
| Equilibrium | -A battle between gravity and gas pressure -Reactions within life cycle phases where gravity and gas pressure are constantly changing -is reached when both are equal |
| Star | -An extremely hot ball of gas with hydrogen fusing into helium at its core -spend most of their lives fusing hydrogen -when the hydrogen is used up stars fuse helium into carbon -they are always trying to achieve equilibrium |
| Main Sequence | -Stars live out most of their lives in this phase -Stars have achieved nuclear fusion -Stars stay at equilibrium -stars radiate energy into space |
| Red Giant | -Phase after main sequence Low-mass and high-mass main sequence stars progreess to red giants -outer gas layers of the star expand -As the star uses all its fuel its core shrinks -red in color -high luminosity |
| Planetary Nebula | -Occurs at the end of a low-mass red giant's life -the outer layers of the star are expelled -the core is very hot and luminous -the outershell appears as brightly colored gas clouds |
| White Dwarf | -Forms when a low-mass star runs out of fuel -the core of a planetary nebula -Final stage in the cycle for low-mass stars -incredibly dense -Gravity is 350,000 times of gravity on Earth -Will change colors as it cools |
| Black Dwarf | -End product of a white dwarf -the last stage of stellar evolution for low-mass stars -no longer emits hear or light -no longer a star |
| Red Super Giants | -The same thing as a giant star only much bigger -As a star gets older it begins to run out of fuel and expand |
| Supernova | -Last stage of a massive star's life -occurs as the star runs out of nuclear fuel and some of its mass flows into its core -core becomes so heavy that it cannot withstand its own gravitational force -core collapses and results in a giant explosion |
| Neutron Star | -the core left behind after a supernova -very dense -gravity is 2 billion times that of Earth's gravity -Gravity presses the material in on itself so tightly the protons and electrons combine to make neutrons |
| Black Hole | -Forms when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life -A large area in space with a very strong gravitational pull -nothing can escape, even light |
| (H-R) Hertzsprung -Russel Diagram | -Plots each star on a graph and measures the star's magnitude (luminosity/brightness) against its temperature (color) -Temperature measured in Kelvin the coolest stars are red & hottest stars blue |
| Luminosity | -The amount of energy a star emits |
| Brightness | -the quality or state of giving out or reflecting light |
| Absolute Magnitude | -Tells us how bright an object appears from Earth -the measure of a star's brightness as if it were a standard distance of exactly 10 parsecs (32.6 light years) from the observer -the sun has an absolute magnitude of 4.83 |
Created by:
ischultz!
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