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Stars & HR Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Life cycle of a star | Protostar, Fusion ignition-Main sequence, red giant/super giant, white dwarf/black hole. |
| Interstellar Medium | A thinly spread area of gas(Hydrogen) and dust(Carbon/Silicon) |
| Nebula | Regions of greater and lesser gravity is found inside the nebula which cause dist and gas to pull together. |
| Protostar | Atoms in the nebula gather & the gravitational attraction increases making it not a very stable phase because of the many reactions happening. |
| Equilibrium | A battle between gravity and gas pressure. Reached when both gravity and gas are equal. |
| Star | An extremely hot ball of gas with hydrogen fusing into helium at its core. They always try to achieve equilibrium. |
| Main Sequence | Stars have achieved Nuclear fusion, Stars stay at equilibrium, Stars radiate(shine) into space. |
| Red Giant | Phase after main sequence, low mass and high mass main sequence stars progress to red giants. Outer gas layers of the star expand and shrink. Red in color & high in luminosity. |
| Planetary Nebula | Occurs at the end of a low-mass red giants life, the outer layers are expelled, the core is very hot an luminous, the outer shell appears as brightly colored gas clouds. |
| White Dwarf | Forms when a low-mass star runs out of fuel. The core of planetary nebula, final stage in the cycle for low-mass stars, incredibly dense, gravity is 3500 times that of gravity on earth, will change colors as it cools. |
| Black Dwarf | End product of a white dwarf, the last stage of stellar evolution for low-mass stars, no longer emits heat or light, no longer a star. |
| Red super giants | The same thing as a giant star only much bigger, as a star gets older it begins to run out of fuel and expand. |
| Supernova | Last stage of a massive stars life, occurs as the star runs out of nucular fuel and some of its mass flows into its core, core becomes so heavy that it cannot withstand its own gravitational force, the core collapses and results in a giant explosion. |
| Neutron star | The core left behind after a supernova, very dense: 1 teaspoon= 1 billion tons, Gravity is 2 billion times that of Earth's gravity, Gravity presses the material in on itself so tightly that protons and electrons combine to form neutrons hence the name. |
| Black Hole | Forms when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle, a large area in space with a very strong gravitational pull, nothing can escape even light. |
| (H-R) Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram | Plots each star on a graph and measures the stars magnitude (luminosity/brightness) against its temperature (color). |
| Luminosity | The amount of light a star emits, brightness |
| Brightness | The luminosity of a star |
| Absolute Magnitude | A measure of a star's brightness as if it were at a standard distance of exactly 10 parsecs (32.6 light years) from the observer, the sun has an absolute magnitude of 4.83. |
Created by:
camerynedel
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