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Oceans
8.E.1.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abiotic factor | Non-living factors of the environment that an organism lives in (ex. sun, water, air, soil) |
| aphotic | Not having light; darkness |
| aquaculture | The farming of saltwater and freshwater organisms (i.e. shrimp farms) |
| benthos | Organisms that live on, near or in the ocean floor |
| bioluminescence | The production of non-thermal light by creatures converting chemical energy to light energy to lure prey, attract a mate, or assist in keeping a species together. ~75% of creatures glow |
| biotic factor | The living organisms of the environment |
| brackish water | water with a level of salinity between freshwater and seawater |
| chemosynthesis | a process used by some bacteria near the hydrothermal vents to generate energy from methane and hydrogen sulfide |
| continental shelf | Extends from the edge of the continent outward to where the bottom sharply drops off into a steep slope |
| continental slope | The steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain; also thought of as the "true" edge of the continent; |
| Deep Zone | Complete darkness; freezing temps (3.5 degrees Celsius); b/c it's so cold, little change in salinity & density; crushing pressure |
| environmental filter | Living organisms (plants & animals) that "clean" water through natural processes [ex. oysters filter out water as they eat collecting contaminants in their bodies] |
| environmental impact | The effect of an event on the landscape and ecology of the surrounding area |
| estuary | Body of water where freshwater meets saltwater |
| hydrothermal vent | An opening in the sea floor where superheated water, gases, and other nutrients are released into the surrounding seawater |
| intertidal zone | The area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line |
| mid-oceanic ridge | A chain of undersea mountains that circles the Earth through every ocean |
| nekton | Free-swimming organisms move all through the water column and are independent of the tides, currents and waves |
| neritic zone | The first 200m of ocean water that extends outward from shore and covers most of the continental shelf; warm, much light, diverse with plants and animals |
| NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| oceanic zone | area of water over deep areas beyond the continental shelf; begins from the end of the neritic zone moving outward |
| oceanography | The study and exploration of the world's oceans |
| open-ocean | the area of the ocean outside of coastal areas |
| photic | Having light |
| phytoplankton | microscopic algae that float in water and are carried by waves and currents. Phyto (think PHOTOSYNTHESIS) |
| salinity | The amount of dissolved salts in seawater |
| seafloor spreading | A process by which new rock is added to the ocean floor along the boundary of diverging plates |
| SONAR | SOund NAvigation Ranging - used to measure ocean depth by sending sound to bounce off the ocean floor |
| Sunlight Zone | the top layer of the ocean where there is a lot of sunlight, temperature, density, and salinity are variable; warmest layer; more than 90% of all marine life lives here |
| Transition Zone | the middle layer of the ocean; temperature & pressure change drastically with increasing depth; top of the zone has very dim light to no light, between depths of about 200m and 1000m |
| trench | The deepest parts of the ocean. The deepest one is the Marianas Trench (located in the S. Pacific Ocean - almost 5 miles deep) |
| upwelling | The movement of cold water upward from the deep ocean that is caused by wind. This brings up tiny organisms, minerals & nutrients to come from deepest parts of ocean |
| zooplankton | tiny animals found near the surface in aquatic environments, weak swimmers- usually just drift with waves & currents -forms the base of aquatic food webs |
Created by:
jhandy8
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