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Protecting CNS
Protecting the Central Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The CNS is protected by this. It is the first layer of protection. | Bone (brain encased in cranium, spinal cord in vertebral column) |
| The second layer of protection of the CNS consists of 3 layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord. What are these tissues called? | Meninges. |
| The outermost layer of the meninges tissue is a thick, tough tissue called WHAT? | Dura mater (means hard mother) |
| The middle meningeal layer is called the WHAT? The membrane looks like a spider web. | Arachnoid mater (spider like) |
| This meningeal layer is the innermost layer and means soft or gentle mother. It is a very thin membrane and lies delicately over brain and spinal cord. The blood vessels supply brain with much of its blood. | Pia mater |
| Between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater is a space called the WHAT? | Subarachnoid space. |
| A fluid called WHAT circulates within the subarachnoid space and forms a cushion around the brain and spinal cord. | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| The cerebrospinal fluid is the WHAT layer of protection of the CNS? | 3rd |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed from the WHAT within the brain? | Blood |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed within the WHAT of the brain by a structure called the choroid plexus. | Ventricles (by choroid plexus) |
| As Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaves the ventricles, it follows how many paths? | Two |
| Some of the CSF flows through a hole in the centre of the spinal cord called the WHAT? | Central canal |
| The rest of the CSF flows from the fourth ventricle laterally through tiny holes also called WHAT? | Foramina |
| How does CSF leave the subarachnoid space? Eventually CSF flows into the arachnoid WHAT? | Arachnoid Villi |
| Water and waste diffuse from CSF in the arachnoid villi into the WHAT of the dural sinuses? Blood then flows back to the heart. | Blood |
| The rate at which CSF is formed must BLANK the rate at which it is drained. | Equal |
| The fourth layer of protection of the central nervous system is called the WHAT? | Blood-brain barrier |
| The blood-brain barrier is an arrangement of cells, particularly the glial WHAT? | Astrocytes |
| The blood-brain barrier prevents potentially WHAT chemicals from entering into the CNS. | Harmful |
| Not all toxic substances are blocked by the blood-brain barrier. What can cross the barrier and affect brain tissue? | Alcohol |