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ch.6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity |
| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscle | Epimysium |
| Connective tissue located outside the epimysium | Fasica |
| A muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called.. | fasciculi (fascicle) |
| fasciculi are surrounded by this loose connective tissue called | perimysium |
| what is the fasciculi composed of | fibers |
| what are fibers | single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei |
| fibers are surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | endomysium |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is called | myofibrils |
| what is myofibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| the 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin and myosin myofilaments |
| thin myofilaments, resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments. resemble bundles of minute golf clubs | myosin myofilaments |
| what do actin and myosin myofilaments form | sarcomeres |
| the outside of most cell membranes are | positively charged |
| the inside of most cell membranes are | negatively charged |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| enlarged nerve terminal is | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is | synaptic cleft |
| what does each presynaptic terminal contain | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by enzymes | acetylcholinesterase |
| the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning | lag phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| the increase in number of motor units being activated is called | recruitment |
| true or false: ATP is produced in the mitochondria | true |
| what does ATP degenerates to the more stable.. | ADP ( adenosine diphosphate) |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| what is oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contractions faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| the most stationary end of the muscle | origin (head) |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| True or False: Muscles only have one head/origins | False; some muscles have multiple |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another are called | antagonists |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontslis |
| closes the eyelids | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| smiling muscles | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowing | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing | mastication |
| change the shape of tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing, dome shaped muscle |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall is called | linea alba |
| whats on each side of linea alba | rectus abdominis |
| cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations | tendinous inscriptions |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus |
| what is the arm attached to the thorax by | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles |
| adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle and is the major abductor of the upper limb | deltoid |
| extends the forearm | triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
Created by:
kayyleaa
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