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Unit 5

AP Biology Unit 5 Vocabulary - Rebancos

TermDefinition
Chromosomes A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very ling DNA molecule and associated proteins.
Daughter Cell cells that are the result of a single dividing parent cell. Two of these cells are the final result from the mitotic process while four cells are the final result from the meiotic process.
Diploid (2n) A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent
Gamete A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. They unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
Haploid (n) A cell containing only one set of chromosomes
Meiosis A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.
Chromatid is one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome. ... Following DNA replication, the chromosome consists of two identical structures called sister _____, which are joined at the centromere.
Crossing Over The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis
Fertilization 1) The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
Homologous Chromosomes A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One example of this is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother.
Sexual Reproduction A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes.
Allele Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
Conserved the integration of ecology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolutionary biology to conserve biological diversity.
Genotype The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism
Law of Independent Assortment Mendel's 2nd law, stating each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair during gamete form.; aplies when genes for 2 charac. are on diff. pairs of homologous chrom. or when they are far apart to act as if they are on diff. chromosomes
Law of Segregation Mendel's 1st law, stating that two alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes during gamete formation
Phenotype The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup
Trait One or two or more detectable variants in a genetic character
Zygote The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg
Genetic Linkage Traits that tend to be inherited together as a consequence of an association between their genes; all of the genes of a given chromosome are linked.
Sex-Linked Trait The phenotypic expression of an allele that is dependent on the gender of the individual and is directly tied to the sex chromosomes.
Nondisjunction An error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other
Heredity The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Cell Division The reproduction of cells
DNA A double-stranded , helical nucleic acid molecule, consisting of nucleotide monomers with e deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases; capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins
Classification the establishment of a hierarchical system of categories on the basis of presumed natural relationships among organisms.
Created by: KatrinaRebancos
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