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heart written
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| luub sound | AV valves close, beginning of systole |
| dub sound | SL valves close, beginning of diastole |
| systole | contraction of heart muscle |
| diastole | relaxation of heart muscle |
| step 1 of cardiac cycle | all chambers in diastole, blood fills chambers, AV valve open |
| step 2 of cardiac cycle | SA node fires, produces P wave, ventricles are still in diastole, atrial systole occurs |
| step 3 of cardiac cycle | AV node fires, produces QRS complex, sets off ventricular systole, atria enters diastole, luub sound occurs |
| step 4 of cardiac cycle | blood is pumped into arteries, end of ventricular systole, atrial diastole occuring |
| step 5 of cardiac cycle | produces T wave, all chambers in diastole and AV valves open, SL valves close, dup sound |
| atrial diastole | steps 3-5,1 |
| atrial systole | step 2 |
| ventricular systole | step 3 and 5 |
| ventricular diastole | step 1-2,5 |
| cardiac output | amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute |
| depolarization | the action potential begins when the pacemaker potential reaches threshold |
| repolarization | brings membrane potential back to its negative voltage |
| atrioventricular valves | tricuspid and biscuspid/mitral |
| tricuspid valve | RA-RV |
| bicuspid valve/mitral | LA-LV |
| semilunar valves | pulmonary and aortic |
| pulmonary valve | RV-pulmonary trunk |
| aortic valve | LV-aorta |
| blood flows from atrium to | ventricles |
| left atrium/ventricle on which side of paper | right side |
| right atrium/ventricle on which side of paper | left side |
| blood flows from vena cava to the | right atrium |
| blood flows from right atrium thru the | tricuspid valve |
| blood thru tricuspid valve end up in the | right ventricle |
| blood from right ventricle goes thru the | pulmonary valve |
| blood thru pulmonary valve ends up in the | pulmonary trunk |
| blood in pulmonary trunk flows to the | right/left pulmonary artery |
| blood from right/left pulmonary artery flows to the | lungs |
| blood from the lungs go to the | right/left pulmonary veins |
| blood from right/left veins flows to the | left atrium |
| blood from left atrium flows thru the | bicuspid valve |
| blood thru the bicuspid valve ends up in the | left ventricle |
| blood in the left ventricle flows thru the | aortic valve |
| blood thru the aortic valve ends up in the | aorta |
| blood in the aorta flow | throughout the body |
| veins dealing with the heart go | towards heart |
| arteries dealing with the heart go | away from heart |
| P wave | depolarization of SA node |
| QRS complex | ventricular depolarizaition and atrial repolarization |
| T wave | ventricular repolarization |
| step 1 of excitation | SA node generates impulses -75 times a minute |
| step 2 of excitation | AV node delays the impulse 0.1 second |
| step 3 of excitation | impulse passes from atria to ventricles via AV bundle, AV bundles split into 2 pathways in inter ventricular septum |
| step 4 of excitation | bundle branches carry impulse toward apex |
| step 5 of excitation | purkinje fibers carry impulse to heart and ventricular walls |
| what is considered the pacemaker of the electrical system in the heart | the SA node |