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Chapter 16
Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ingestion | Process of taking food into the mouth, starting it on its journey through the digestive tract |
| Digestion | A group of processes that break complex nutrients into simpler ones |
| Motility | Movement by the muscular components of the digestive tube |
| Digestive System | Alimentary Canal |
| Secretion | Release of digestive juices |
| Absorption | Movement through the GI mucosa into the internal enviroment |
| Elimination | Ridding the body of waste material or feces through the anus |
| Regulation | Coordination of digestive activity |
| Lumen | Inside, or hollow space within the tube |
| Mucosa | Mucous membrane |
| Submucosa | A connective tissue layer that lies just below the mucosa |
| Muscularis | Muscles responsible for moving food through the GI tract |
| Serosa | Outermost covering or coat of the digestive tube |
| Peristalsis | Rhythmic, wavelike contraction of the gut wall caused by wavelike contraction |
| Segmentation | Produces a "back-and-forth" or "swishing" type of intestinal motility |
| Uvula | Cone-shaped structure hanging down from center of soft palate, assists in speech and swallowing |
| Frenulum | The thin membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
| Four major types of teeth | 1. Incisors 2. Canines 3. Premolars 4. Molars |
| Serous | Thin, watery and free of mucus |
| Amylase | Digestive enzyme that begins chemical digestion of carbs |
| Parotid Glands | Largest of the salivary glands, produces serous type saliva |
| Submandibular Glands | Mixed or compound salivary glands, produces both serous and mucous type saliva |
| Sublingual Glands | Smallest of the main salivary glands, produce only mucous type saliva |
| Pharynx | Tube like structure made of muscle and line with mucous membrane |
| 3 components make up the Pharynx | 1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx |
| Deglutition | The swallowing of food |
| Bolus | A small, rounded mass of masticated food |
| Esophagus | Muscular, mucus-lined tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| Three pairs of Salivary glands | 1. Parotids 2. Submandibular 3. Sublingual |
| Sphincter | Ring-shaped muscle, usually acting as a valve |
| Upper Esophageal sphincter | Helps prevent air from entering the tube during respiration |
| Lower Esophageal sphincter or Cardiac sphincter | Prevents backflow of acidic stomach contents |
| Typical Tooth | 1. Crown 2. Neck 3. Root |
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