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BIO 223 LAB 5
Articulations and Muscle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament | Extends obliquely, superiorly, and posteriorly from the anterior intercondyler eminence of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle |
| Posterior Cruciate Ligament | Extends superiorly and anteriorly from the posterior intercondyler eminence to the lateral side of the medial condyle |
| Medial (tibial) Collateral Ligament | Thickening of the lateral capsule from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial surface of the tibia |
| Lateral (fibular) Collateral Ligament | Round ligament extending from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula |
| Medial Meniscus | Fibrocartilage semicircular band that spans the knee joint medially, located between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia |
| Lateral Meniscus | Fibrocartilaginous band that spans the lateral side of the interior of the knee joint. It is nearly circular and covers a larger portion of the articular surface than the medial |
| Patellar Tendon | Thick, heavy, fibrous band between the patella and the tibial tuberosity: actually part of the quadriceps femoris tendon |
| Acromioclavicular Ligament | Divided into two parts: superior and inferior. It holds distal end of the clavicle to the acromion process on the scapula |
| Coracoclavicular Ligament | Connects coracoid process of scapula to the clavicle (aka trapezoid and conoid ligaments) |
| Coracoacromial Ligament | Broad triangular ligament attached to the outer edge of the coracoid process and acromion process of the scapula |
| Glenohumeral Ligaments | Three slightly thickened longitudinal sets of fibers on the anterior side of the capsule; extend from the humerus to the margin of the glenoid cavity |
| Iliofemoral Ligament | Strong, thick Y-shaped band between the anterior inferior iliac spine and the intertrochanteric line of the femur |
| Pubofemoral Ligament | Extends from the pubic portion of the acetabular rim to the inferior portion of the femoral neck |
| Ischiofemoral Ligament | Bridges the ischial acetabular rim and the superior portion of the femoral neck |
| Neuromuscular Junction (or Synapse) | The point of contact of motor neuron axon branches with muscle fiber |
| Sarcolemma | The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber |
| Sarcoplasm | The cytoplasm of striated muscle cells |
| Myofibrils | Bundles of protein filaments. A threadlike structure that extends the length of the muscle fiber, each containing two kinds of long, thin protein filaments (myofilaments): Actin and Myosin |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | The smooth endoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers |
| T (transverse) Tubules | Lying adjacent to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, these are tubelike invaginations of the sarcolemma that occur at regular intervals along the muscle fiber and extend inward, connecting the extracellular environment with the interior of the muscle fiber |
| Sarcomere | The basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle because it is the smallest portion of skeletal muscle capable of contracting. Structures called Z disks separate one from the next |
| Z Line (disk) | Structure that separates one sarcomere from the next. Filamentous network of protein that forms a stationary anchor for the attachment of actin myofilaments |
| M Line | A dark line in the middle of the H zone consisting of delicate filaments that attach to the center of the myosin myofilaments. It helps hold the myosin myofilaments in place, similar to the way the Z disk holds actin myofilaments in place |
| A Band (Anisotropic band) | Dark-staining band between two I bands in the center of each sarcomere. It extends the entire length of the myosin myofilament within a sarcomere. The actin and myosin myofilaments overlap for some distance at both ends of this band |
| H Zone | Small band in the center of each A band where the actin and myosin do not overlap and only myosin myofilaments are present |
| I Band (Isotropic band) | Light-staining band to either side of the Z line, extending to the ends of the myosin myofilaments, and consisting only of actin myofilaments |
| Occipitofrontalis | Draws the scalp posteriorly and anteriorly and raises the eyebrows. Has both a frontal and occipital portion |
| Orbicularis Oris | Closes and protrudes lips; used in whistling and forming many letters during speech; the "kissing muscle" |
| Zygomaticus Major | Draws angles of the mouth upward and outward (elevates and abducts upper lip); major muscle used in smiling and laughing |
| Buccinator | Retracts angle of the mouth; flattens cheek |
| Mentalis | Elevates and wrinkles skin over chin; protrudes lower ip |
| Platysma | Depresses lower lip; wrinkles skin of neck and upper chest |
| Orbicularis Oculi | Closes the eye |
| Masseter | Elevates and protracts mandible; involved in excursion |
| Temporalis | Elevates and protracts mandible; involved in excursion |
| Rectus Abdominus | Flexes and rotates vertebral column; compresses abdomen |
| External Oblique | Flexes and rotates vertebral column; compresses abdomen; depresses thorax |
| Internal Oblique | Flexes and rotates vertebral column; compresses abdomen; depresses thorax |
| Transverse Abdominus | Compresses abdomen |
| Sternocleidomastoid | One contracting alone: laterally flexes head and neck to same side and rotates head and neck to opposite side Both contracting together: flex neck |
| Diaphragm | Inhalation depresses floor of thorax |
| External Intercostals | Quiet inhalation elevates ribs |
| Internal Intercostals | Forced exhalation depresses ribs |
| Subclavius | Fixes clavicle or elevates first rib |
| Pectoralis Minor | Depresses scapula or elevates ribs |
| Serratus Anterior | Rotates and protracts scapula; elevates ribs |
| Trapezius | Elevates, depresses, retracts, rotates, and fixes scapula; extends neck |
| Lavator Scapulae | Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; laterally flexes neck |
| Rhomboid Major | Retracts, rotates, and fixes scapula |
| Rhomboid Minor | Retracts, slightly elevates scapula; elevates ribs |
| Errector Spinae | Group of muscles on each side of the back consisting of three subgroups |
| Iliocostalis | Extends vertebral column |
| Longissimus | Capitis: extends head; Cervicis: extends neck; Thoracis: extends vertebral column |
| Spinalis Thoracis | Extends vertebral column |
| Linea Alba | Midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles |
| Aponeurosis of External Oblique | Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring |
| Lumbodorsal Fascia | Fibrous tissue covering muscles of the back of the trunk (helps separate muscles) |
| Epicranial Aponeurosis | Like a thin helmet beneath the scalp, and provides the attachment sites for the occipitofrontalis muscle, a muscle that controls the eyebrows and facial expressions |
| Frontalis function | Raises eyebrows Wrinkles forehead |
| Occipitalis function | Tenses and retracts scalp |
| Orbicularis Oris function | Compresses and purses lip |
| Zygomaticus Major function | Retracts and elevates the corner of the mouth |
| Buccinator function | Compresses cheek |
| Mentalis function | Elevates and protrudes lip |
| Platysma function | Tenses skin of neck Depresses mandible Pulls lower lip down |
| Orbicularis Oculi function | Closes eye |
| Masseter function | Elevates mandible Closes jaw |
| Temporalis function | Elevates mandible |
| Rectus Abdominus function | Depress ribs Flexes vertebral column |
| External Oblique function | Compresses abdomen Depresses ribs Flexes or bends spine |
| Internal Oblique function | Compresses abdomen Depresses ribs Flexes or bends spine |
| Transversus Abdominus function | Compresses abdomen Depresses ribs Flexes or bends spine |
| Sternocleidomastoid function | Flexes neck |
| Diaphragm function | Expands thoracic cavity Compresses abdominopelvic cavity |
| Internal Intercostals function | Depresses ribs |
| External Intercostals function | Elevates ribs |
| Subclavius function | Depresses and protracts shoulder |
| Pectoralis Minor function | Depresses and protracts shoulder Rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly |
| Serratus Anterior function | Protracts shoulder Rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly |
| Trapezius function | Extends clavicle Extends neck |
| Levator Scapulae function | Elevates scapula |
| Rhomboid Major function | Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation |
| Rhomboid Minor function | Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation |
| Iliocostalis function | Extends vertebral column |
| Longissimus function | Extends vertebral column |
| Spinalis Thoracis function | Extends vertebral column |
Created by:
Mzalishab29
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