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Earth Science Chap 7
Mrs. Tew 7th grade Earth Science Chpt 7.1, 2.2-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Define volcano | A volcano is a mountain built by accumulations of volcanic materials, such as lava and pyroclastic materials. |
| Describe the crater of a volcano. | A crater is a steep-walled depression at the summit of a volcano. |
| What two things does the pipe of a volcano connect? | The pipe of a volcano connects the crater to the magma chamber. |
| What makes a caldera different from a regular volcano crater? | If the crater is unusually large with a diameter greater than 1km (0.06 miles) then it is a caldera. |
| What kind of volcanos have a broad dome shape? | Shield volcanoes. |
| Where did shield volcanoes get their name? | They are called shield volcanoes because they look like a warrior's shield lying flat on the ground. |
| Describe the slope of shield volcanoes. | They have gentle slopes because the lava usually flows easily over a large area. |
| On what planets, other than Earth, can shield volcanoes be found? | Shield volcanoes also exist on Mars and Venus. |
| What are the alternating layers found on composite cone volcanoes? | A composite cone volcano has alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic materials. |
| How do the slopes of composite cone volcanoes compare to the slope of shield volcanoes? | Composite cone volcanoes have steeper slopes than shield volcanoes. |
| Describe the eruptions of a composite cone volcano. | They are very violent and present a big risk to humans that live near them. |
| Name two hazards associated with composite cone volcanoes. Describe these hazards. | 1. Nuee ardente which is a mixture of very hot steam and other gases that moves down the slope of the volcano very quickly with little friction. 2. Lahars are mudflows which are a thick, heavy mixture of water and pyroclastic material that flows down the slope of a volcano |
| Name a very famous composite cone volcano that we have already talked about in class. | |
| Describe cinder cone volcanoes. | Cinder cone volcanoes are small volcanoes built from loose pyroclastic material such as cinders and lapilli. |
| Describe the size of cinder cone volcanoes as compared to shield and composite cone volcanoes. | Cinder cone volcanoes are much smaller than composite cone and shield volcanoes. they are less than 1,000 feet tall. |
| When do calderas form? | Calderas form at the end of volcanic eruptions when the summit of a volcano collapses into a partially empty magma chamber. |
| Yellowstone National Park is a caldera. Why did it take so long for geologists to realize this? | The caldera was difficult to discover because it has mostly filled with smaller, more recent lava flows. |
| How is a fissure eruption different from the three types of volcanoes? | In a fissure eruption, lava erupts from long cracks in Earth's crust called fissures. |
| Where is the ring of fire located? | The ring of fire wraps around the Pacific Ocean. |
| What is the ring of fire? | The ring of fire is a horse-shoe shaped belt of volcanic and earthquake activity that wraps around the Pacific Ocean. |
| List the three types of volcanoes. | Shield volcano, composite cone volcano and cinder cone volcano |
| Which of the three types of volcanoes has alternating layers? | A composite cone volcano has alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic material. |
| Which of the three types of volcanoes looks like a warrior shield? | A shield volcano looks like a warrior shield that is lying flat on the ground. |
| Which of the three types of volcanoes have a gentle slope? | Shield volcanoes have a gentle slope because their lava usually flows easily and spreads out over large areas. |
| Which of the three types of volcanoes can produce violent eruptions? | A composite cone volcano can produce violent eruptions and present a considerable risk to human populations that live near them. |
| Which of the three types of volcanoes have a potential hazard called nuee ardente? | One of the hazards of a composite cone volcano is a pyroclastic flow calle dnuee ardente, a mixture of pyroclastic material, very hot steam, and other hot gases that move rapidly down the slope of a volcano with very little friction. |
| Which of the three types of volcanoes are also found on Mars and Venus? | Shield volcanoes are also found on Mars and Venus. |
| Which of the three types of volcanoes are usually small? | Cinder cone volcanoes are small volcanoes that are built from loose pyroclastic material. |
| What is the difference in a crater and a pipe? | A crater is the steep-walled depression at the summit of a volcano. Beneath the crater is a pipe that connects the crater to the magma chamber. |
| Does a caldera occur before or after an eruption? | After the eruption when the summit of the volcano collapses into a partially empty magma chamber. |
| Where in relation to tectonic plates do volcanoes form? | Most volcanoes in the world occur at, or near, tectonic plate boundaries. |
| What percentage of earthquakes occur on the Ring of Fire? | 80-90% of earthquakes occur on the Ring of Fire. |
| What percentage of volcanoes occur at the Ring of Fire? | 75% of volcanoes occur at the Ring of Fire. |
| What forms where oceanic crust goes underneath continental crust at a convergent plate? | A deep ocean trench forms at the location where oceanic crust goes underneath continental crust at a convergent plate. |
| Do magma chambers form immediately when oceanic crust subducts underneath continental crust at a convergent plate? Explain why or why not. | Magma chambers do NOT form immediately when oceanic crust subducts underneath continental crust because the crust is not hot enough to melt. It must travel deeper to get enough to melt. |
| What is a magma chamber? | A magma chamber is a pool of molten or partially molten rock in Earth's crust. |
| Name two places where volcanoes formed that are not hear plate boundaries. | Two places where volcanoes formed that are not near plate boundaries are Hawaii and Yellowstone National Park. |
| Describe how a hotspot can cause a volcano. | The heat from the hotspot causes some rocks in the mantle of Earth to melt, creating magma. The magma rises toward the crust and some makes it all the way to the surface to erupt as volcanoes. |
| How large is the Yellowstone magma chamber? | The Yellowstone magma chamber is 50 miles long and 12 miles wide. |
| Has the hotspot under Hawaii always been under the same island? Explain. | It has NOT always been under the same island. This is because the tectonic plate that Hawaii sits on moves over time, so that different islands have formed. |
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alsweethome
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