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Unit 5

AP Biology Unit 5 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Chromosomes A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
Daughter Cell are genetically identical to the parent cell because they contain the same number and type of chromosomes.
Diploid (2n) A cell containing two set of chromosomes (2N) one set inherited form each parent
Gamete A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
Haploid (1n) A cell containing only one set of chromosomes
Meiosis A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting in sexually reproducing organisms consisting in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication
Chromatid each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
Crossing Over The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis
Fertilization The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
Homologous Chromosomes A pair of chromosomes of the same length centromere position and staining pattern that possess genes fo the same characters at corresponding loci
Sexual Reproduction A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited form both parents via the gametes
Allele Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguish phenotype effects
Conserved indicates that a sequence has been maintained by natural selection
Genotype The genetic makeup or set of alleles of an organism
Law of Independent Assortment Mendel second law statinh that each pair of alleles segregates or assorts independently of each other pari during gamete formation
Law of Segregation Mendel's first law stating that the two alleles in a pair segregate form each other into different gametes during gamete formation
Phenotype The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism which are determined by its genetic makeup
Trait ONe of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character
Zygote The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization a fertilized egg
Genetic Linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.
Sex-Linked Trait is a trait in which a gene is located on a sex chromosome. In humans, the term generally refers to traits that are influenced by genes on the X chromosome.
Nondisjunction the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division,
Created by: JohnnyMadaleno22
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